Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using Solenostemma argel and their effect on enhancing salt tolerance in barley plants

Journal Article

2024

Published in: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63641-4

The distinctive characteristics of nanoparticles and their potential applications have been given
considerable attention by scientists across different fields, particularly agriculture. However, there has
been limited effort to assess the impact of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in modulating physiological
and biochemical processes in response to salt-induced stress. This study aimed to synthesize CuNPs
biologically using Solenostemma argel extract and determine their effects on morphophysiological
parameters and antioxidant defense system of barley (Hordeum vulgare) under salt stress. The
biosynthesized CuNPs were characterized by (UV–vis spectroscopy with Surface Plasmon Resonance
at 320 nm, the crystalline nature of the formed NPs was verified via XRD, the FTIR recorded the
presence of the functional groups, while TEM was confirmed the shape (spherical) and the sizes (9
to 18 nm) of biosynthesized CuNPs. Seeds of barley plants were grown in plastic pots and exposed
to different levels of salt (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). Our findings revealed that the supplementation
of CuNPs (0, 25 and 50 mg/L) to salinized barley significantly mitigate the negative impacts of salt
stress and enhanced the plant growth-related parameters. High salinity level enhanced the oxidative
damage by raising the concentrations of osmolytes (soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline),
malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (
H2O2). In addition, increasing the activities of
enzymatic antioxidants, total phenol, and flavonoids. Interestingly, exposing CuNPs on salt-stressed
plants enhanced the plant-growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange
parameters. Furthermore, CuNPs counteracted oxidative damage by lowering the accumulation of
osmolytes, H2O2,
MDA, total phenol, and flavonoids, while simultaneously enhancing the activities
of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, the application of biosynthesized CuNPs presents a promising
approach and sustainable strategy to enhance plant resistance to salinity stress, surpassing
conventional methods in terms of environmental balance.