CHEM 244: Principles of Organic Chemistry 1 - For Students of Chemical Engineering

Chapter 1: Introduction Carbon Compounds, Chemical Bonds (ionic, Covalent), Atomic and Molecular orbitals, Hybridization, Polarity and Inductive effect. Chapter 2: Alkanes, Cycloalkanes Alkyl groups, IUPAC nomenclature, Physical properties, Sources off, Synthesis. Reactions (Combustion, Halogenation, Ring opening). Configuration, cyclohexenes. Chapter 3: Alkenes and Alkynes IUPAC nomenclature, Physical properties, Synthesis (Dehydrohalogenation, from vicinal dihalides, Dehydration of alcohols). Reactions (Acidity of terminal alkynes, Addition reactions (Reduction, Halogenation, Addition of HX – Markovnikov rule, Carbonium ions and their stability, Reaction mechanism), Addition in the presence of peroxides, Hydration, Halohydrin formation), Oxidation of Alkenes (KMnO4, Peroxides and Ozonolysis. Chapter 4: Conjugated Dienes Allyl radical and stability, Allyl cation, 1,3-Butadiene - electron delocalization, Resonance and the Stability of conjugated dienes, 1,4-Addition and 1,4-Cycloaddition reactions of diene. Chapter 5: Aromatic Compound Aromatic character, Hukel rule, Nomenclature, Electrophilic substitution reactions (Alkylation, Acylation, Halogenation, Sulphonation, Nitration; reaction mechanism), Side chain halogenation and oxidation, Reactivity and Orientation in substituted benzene, Polynuclear aromatics. Chapter 6: Alkyl halides nomenclature, synthesis and reactions, optical isomerism (SN1, SN2 reactions).