Evaluating the Procedural Framework of Informal Settlement Upgrading Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Lessons for Sustainable Urban Renewal
This study investigates the procedural framework for upgrading informal settlements in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, using a mixed-methods approach that includes analysis of 25 policy documents, field observations in 10 informal areas, and expert interviews. The research identifies a four-stage process: classification, policy formulation, implementation, and monitoring. While the model enables localized, context-sensitive interventions, it faces challenges such as institutional fragmentation, delays, and limited community participation. Comparative international cases underscore the value of participatory planning, diversified funding, and adaptive governance. In response, the study proposes a hybrid strategy—comprehensive redevelopment in high-risk zones and incremental upgrading elsewhere—aligned with Saudi Vision 2030. The proposed model offers a practical framework for sustainable, culturally aware urban transformation in rapidly growing cities.
Affordable housing is one of the most significant development challenges in major cities, serving as a cornerstone for achieving social stability, enhancing quality of life, and supporting…
This paper deals with the analysis of the theoretical concepts of affordable housing in the context of the sustainable development goals SDGs. Locally, there are great efforts to provide housing…
Architectural design studios represent cognitively demanding and behaviorally intensive learning environments, yet current evaluation models rarely address their complex indoor environmental needs…