نماذج لأسئلة الاختبارات 2
What is Dental Public Health?
Dental Public Health is that branch of dentistry concerned with the diagnosis, prevention and control of dental diseases and the promotion of oral health through organized community efforts. Dental Public Health serves the community through research, health promotion, education, and group dental care programs. (The Royal College of Dentists of Canada)
Dental public health improves the dental health of populations rather than individuals.
What is Health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (W.H.O. definition of Health)
What is Public Health?
Public health is the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society.
What are the main fields of Public Health?
1.
Epidemiology
2.
Biostatistics
3.
Health Behavior & Education
4.
Environmental & Industrial Health
5.
Health Management & Policy
What is Epidemiology?
Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations; it serves as the foundation of public health.
What is Biostatistics?
Statistics is a mathematical science concerned with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data; biostatistics is the application of statistics to biological sciences including public health practices.
Health Behavior & Education
Health Behavior/Education is the application of theories and techniques from behavioral and educational sciences to prevent disease and advance health.
What is Environmental/Industrial Health?
Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person … It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. (W.H.O. definition)
What is Health Management & Policy?
Health Management is the field concerned with the management of healthcare organizations & services; Health Policy is the field concerned with analysis of health-related policies.
What is Health Insurance?
Health Insurance is a healthcare financing method where insurers commit to covering the cost of healthcare services on behalf of their members (i.e. policy-holders).
Who are Health Insurers?
Health insurers are commercial, cooperative, non-profit/mutual, and governmental insurance providers; they act as third party organizations that pay healthcare providers (doctors, hospitals, labs… etc.) for delivered services to their members in exchange for premiums or taxation.
What is Health Insurance Policy?
Is a contractual agreement between an insurer and an individual (or a group of family members, employees, or segment of population), in which the former party agrees to cover medical expenses (i.e. doctor’s fees, hospital expenses, medications, rehabilitation… etc.) on behalf of the later for a specified period of time in exchange for a premium. Health insurance policies contain the following information:
·Policy-holder: The individual that buys insurance or the head of the family, or employer that buys insurance for dependents/employees.
·Premium: The amount of money that a policy-holder pays to an insurer for providing insurance coverage
·Exclusions: healthcare services not covered with insurance including certain diseases & conditions, risk exposures, pre-existing conditions, and/or geographic limitations
·Deductable: the amount of money patients pay (out-of-pocket) as cost-sharing before insurers pay their share:
o
Copayment: fixed amount of money that patients need to pay to healthcare providers as their contribution for each visit/service before insurers pay their share
o
Coinsurance: percentage of the of healthcare visits/services costs (e.g. 15%) that patients need to pay to their healthcare providers before insurers would pay their share
·Coverage limits: the maximum amount of money that insurer would pay for each of its members
·Out-of-pocket limits: the maximum amount of money that insured members pay under the insurance agreement
What are the two inherent problems in insurance?
Adverse selection: “only those benefiting from insurance will buy it”
Moral Hazard: “those who buy insurance expose to more risks after their coverage”
- See more at: http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/amauth/page/23317#sthash.VK62DEZT.dpuf