Solar Cell and Module Technology

Semiconductor Materials: Conduction theory, E-k curves, energy bandgaps, effective mass,
direct and indirect transitions. Carrier statistics, intrinsic and extrinsic behavior, mobility,
diffusion, scattering. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium behaviour, recombination, Optical and
thermal properties.
Semiconductor Devices: p-n junctions, depletion region, derivation of I-V characteristics in the
dark. Ideal diode under illumination, Loss mechanisms for real diodes, series and shunt
resistances, interface states. Heterojunctions, Anderson model, current transport models,
window layers. Introduction to multijunction concepts.
Material Fabrication Technologies: Purification of silicon, zone refining and gettering,
segregation coefficient. Growth of crystalline silicon, Bridgmann, Czochralski and floating zone
methods. Epitaxial growth methods, MBE, MOCVD, LPE, VPE. Thin film deposition methods,
evaporation, sputtering, wet chemical, spray pyrolisis, screen printing.
Device Fabrication: Doping, alloying, diffusion and implantation. Device processing methods.
Deposition of anti-reflection coatings. Photolithography. Dry and wet etching. Surface texturing
and passivation techniques.