Expression profiling of antimicrobial peptides and immune-related genes in Nile tilapia following Pseudomonas putida infection and nano-titanium dioxide gel exposure
Bacteria challenge Gene expression Health status Nano-titanium gel Oreochromis niloticus P. putida
Pseudomonas putida is a virulent bacterium that prompts major losses in fish. Recently, there has been a
noticeable direction for utilizing nanomaterials in the aquaculture industry for sustaining fish health and performance.
Hence, the present study is the first trial to investigate the antibacterial influence of nano titanium
dioxide gel (NTG) as a watery addition for combating P. putida infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Further, antioxidant-immune capacity, and gene expression in the spleen including antimicrobial peptides and
immune-related genes are assessed. Fish (n = 200; 47.50 ± 1.32 g of body weight) were assigned into four groups
for 10 days [control, NTG (0.9 mg/L), P. putida, and NTG + P. putida]. Findings demonstrated that the infection
by P. putida induced a decline in antioxidant immune indicators including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and
nitric oxide. Furthermore, a noteworthy rise in lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde), tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-α), and stress indicator (glucose) levels was noticed. P. putida infection induced remarkable alterations
in the expression of antimicrobial peptides genes [tilapia piscidin (TP3 and TP4), colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor,
hepcidin-2, beta-defensin1, and neutrophil cytosolic factor 4] and immune-relevant genes [transforming growth
factor beta, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6, TNF-α, interleukins (IL-10 and IL-11)]. Notably,
applying NTG regenerated all the negative consequences of P. putida infection. Inclusive, this study underscores
the crucial role of NTG as a potent antibacterial and immune-antioxidant agent, highlighting its potential in
protecting O. niloticus from P. putida infection and improving immune-antioxidant response.
Alkaline stress is a major concern in aquaculture that badly affects the aquatic species’ health and hemostasis.
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