Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Photocatalytic Activity of Precipitated ZnO Nanoparticles for the Degradation of Rhodamine B Under Different Light Sources
This research provides valuable insights into the application of ZnO nanoparticles
in photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Process optimization was carried out by
determining the ratio of the surface area to the energy band gap (S/E) in the photocatalysis
rate under different sources of light (UV light, visible light, sunlight). The nanoparticles
were synthesized using the precipitation technique, and the calcination process was carried
out within a temperature range of 400 to 700 ◦C. The structural, morphological, and
optical properties of materials were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis DRS), Raman
spectroscopies, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The study demonstrates
that calcination temperature significantly influences the photocatalytic activity of
ZnO nanoparticles by altering their size, surface properties, shape, and optical behavior.
Optimal decomposition efficiencies of Rhodamine B were achieved at 400 ◦C, with yields of
24%, 92%, and 91% under visible, UV, and sunlight irradiation, respectively. Additionally,
the surface area decreased from 12.556 to 8.445 m2/g, the band gap narrowed slightly from
3.153 to 3.125 eV, and crystal growth increased from 0.223 to 0.506 μm as the calcination
temperature rose. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticles were assessed to
determine their efficiency in decomposing Rhodamine B dye under operational parameters,
including pollutant concentration (C0), sample amount, pH level, and reaction time.
The sample exhibited the best breakdown rates with C0 = 5 mg/L, solid-to-liquid ratio
(S/L) = 50 mg/L, pH = 7, and reaction time = 1 h. Additionally, we combined two oxidation
processes, namely H2O2 and photocatalytic oxidation processes, which significantly
improved the Rhodamine B removal efficiency, where 100% of RhB was degraded after
60 min and 100 μL of H2O2.
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This research provides valuable insights into the application of ZnO nanoparticles
in photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Process optimization was carried out by
determining the ratio…