A study of water consumption in residential sector in Saudi Arabia
Arabian Journal of Geosciences
Abstract Inviewof the scarcityofwater resources in theKingdomofSaudiArabia and thehighper capitawaterconsumption, this study investigated themaindeterminantsofwaterconsumption in the residentialsectorof theKingdomofSaudiArabia.Toachieve the aimof thestudy,aneconometricmodelwassuggested tostudyandanalyze theeffectofgrossdomesticproductatconstantprices and population sizeonwater consumption.The study used time seriesdata for 1987–2018.Water consumption increased at an annualgrowth rateof4.9%; the logarithmsofbothGDPandwaterconsumption integratedat I(1),but thepopulation integratedat I(0). The study usedMicrofit 5 to obtain the results related to the co-integration test using the ARDLmethodology. The appropriatemodel for the datawasARDL (1,0,1). Tests showed significant relationships in both the long run and the short run, and the error correction factor (−0.5938) indicated awater consumption return ratioof59.38% at the long-run equilibrium. Diagnostic testsproved that theproposedmodelwas suitableand free fromdeficiencies; therefore, theestimatedmodelwasused to predictwater consumption over 2019–2023.The forecast results showed that the average growth rate ofwater consumption was 13.3%.The study recommended intensifying the current awareness programs that rationalizewater consumption.
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