Realistic heat generation modeling and experimental validation for lithium-ion battery cells and modules
Journal of Energy Storage
Accurate thermal modeling is essential for predicting the behavior and ensuring the safety of lithium-ion battery cells and modules. In this study, a comprehensive electrothermal model is developed to realistically describe the heat generation inside 18650-type cells during discharge. The model incorporates multiple heat sources, including ohmic heating, polarization losses, reversible entropy change, side reactions, and post-discharge heat-sink effects. A temperature- and state-of-charge-dependent formulation for internal resistance and overpotential is employed, alongside a dynamic model for heat capacity during phase change in passive cooling materials. The model is implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 and validated using experimental data reported in the literature for single cells and a 20-cell battery pack under discharge rates of 1C, 3C, and 5C. Results show excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental values of both temperature and heat generation rates, with relative errors below 5 % across all conditions. This validated model provides a robust foundation for future studies incorporating active thermal management strategies.
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Accurate thermal modeling is essential for predicting the behavior and ensuring the safety of lithium-ion battery cells and modules. In this study, a comprehensive electrothermal model is…