Tailoring a novel reduced graphene oxide supported gC3N4/V2O5/CoCu LDH as direct dual Z-scheme heterosystem with build in interfacial electric field for boosted visible light driven metronidazole photocatalysis: Mechanistic insights and environmental impa
The development of highly efficient and robust photocatalysts is essential for advancing pollution remediation and water purification. The current study explores the construction of highly engineered heterostructure nanocatalyst (NCs) rGO/gC3N4/V2O5/CoCu LDH (CVL) via simple solvothermal approach, for the dominant photocatalytic degradation of metronidazole (MNZ). The HR-TEM analysis of the NCs confirms its successful incorporation of gC3N4, V2O5 and CoCu LDH material over rGO. The crystallinity, chemical bond state and surface area properties of the CVL NCs were characterized using XRD, XPS, and BET, respectively. UV-vis DRS revealed a distinct red shift in the absorption edge of the heterostructure compared to its pristine material. PL and EIS spectra demonstrated that the fabricated heterostructure exhibited lower recombination rates and improved separation of photogenerated charge carriers, which facilitated efficient mineralization of MNZ. Under optimized conditions, rGO/gC3N4/V2O5/CoCu LDH-10 % NCs achieved 97.14 % MNZ degradation under the illumination of visible light. The rate constant of CVL NCs is k = 0.0225 min-1 which exhibits 22.5, 13.23, 11.25 and 9.78 times higher activity than rGO, gC3N4, V2O5, and CoCu LDH materials, respectively. The effects of NCs, pollutant dosage, pH and the influence of various ions on degradation were systematically studied. The photocatalyst exhibited high stability and recyclability, and the re-used catalyst preserved crystallinity and chemical integrity which was confirmed by XRD and XPS analysis. The by-products formed during MNZ degradation were identified by GC-MS analysis and environmental impact assay indicated a significant reduction in aquatic toxicology. These findings underscore the stable and scalable performance of CVL NCs, offering a promising solution for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment with minimized ecological risk. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Diaporthe species are frequently reported as endophytes on mangroves. These species are also known pathogens affecting several important hosts worldwide, but have yet to be explored as pathogens…
The development of highly efficient and robust photocatalysts is essential for advancing pollution remediation and water purification.
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