1- The remaining dentinal thickness (RDT) is:

The remaining dentin from the depth of the cavity preparation to the pulp.

2- The most important factor in protecting the pulp from insults

a- Isolation.

b- The remaining dentinal thickness.

c- The use of water coolant during cutting.

d- The proper use of insulating material.

3- Cavity sealers may:

a- Reduce microleakage

b- Protect from chemical irritation

c- Protect from electrical current

d- All of the above

4- The only insulating materials that we are sure to provide thermal insulation is

a- Cavity sealers

b- Cavity liners

c- Cavity bases

d- All of the above

5- Calcium hydroxide assess in reparative dentin formation due to

1- Antibacterial action                                                     

2- Alkalinity                                                                      

3- Availability of calcium and hydroxyl ions                   

6- The drawbacks of Calcium Hydroxide include:

1- Porosity

2- Poor physical properties

3- Acid dissolution with acid etching

4- Degradation under leaky restorations

5- Inability to provide a permanent seal against bacterial invasion

7- Glass ionomer cement advantages include:

1- High strength and stiffness

2- Leachable fluoride and antibacterial action

3- Good solubility characteristics

4- Adhesive potential

5- Pulpal compatibility

6- Used as a liner, base, and luting

8- Advantages of Resin modified GIC when compared to conventional GIC include:

1- Improved physical properties

2- Less moisture sensitivity

9- The most obvious disadvantage of ZOE cement as a base under amalgam is that

 It takes long time to harden to be able to withstand amalgam condensation forces

10- Write a short note explaining the mixing procedure of Zinc Phosphate cement

- 3-6 drops with some powder mixed on a cool glass slab used

- First, small amount of powder is added to neutralize the acid (30 sec)

- Larger quantities added using a rotary motion on a large area

- Spatulate for 15 sec. after adding each increment

- Finish mixing in 90 sec

- A strand of cement extend ½ - ¾ inch from spatula to glass slab to indicate proper consistency for luting purposes

11- Cements that chemically bond to tooth structure include

a- Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement                               T          F

b- Polycarboxylate Cement                                     T          F

c- Zinc Phosphate Cement                                     T          F

d- Glass Ionomer Cement                                       T          F

12- Polycarboxylate Cement is pulpally compatible because of

a- weak acid

b- Large molecules of acid

c- All of the above

d- Non of the above

13- Explain in details the type of pulp protection used in shallow depth cavities, given the rationale for your answer

RDT > 2mm

DO WE NEED?

Pulp medication Þ No

Chemical protection Þ No

Sealing Þ Yes

Thermal insulation Þ No

Electrical insulation Þ Yes

Mechanical protection Þ No

Þ Sealer only used

14- Explain in details the type of pulp protection used in moderate depth cavities, given the rationale for your answer

2mm > RDT > 1mm

DO WE NEED?

Pulp medication  Þ ?

Chemical protection Þ Yes

Sealing Þ Yes

Thermal insulation Þ No

Electrical insulation Þ Yes

Mechanical protection Þ No

Þ  A Sealer and Liner are used

15- Explain in details the type of pulp protection used in deep cavities, given the rationale for your answer

RDT < 1mm

 DO WE NEED?

Pulp medication Þ Yes

Chemical protection Þ Yes

Sealing Þ Yes

Thermal insulation Þ Yes

Electrical insulation Þ Yes

Dentin replacement Þ Yes

Þ  Sealer, Liner, and Base are used

16-Failure of protecting the pulp can result in:

a) Postoperative sensitivity and pain

b) Irreversible pulpitis

c) Recurrent caries

d) Pulp necrosis Þ Periapical pathosis

e) All of the above

17- Aged pulps with increased fibrosis have less favorable prognosis for pulp capping

                                                                                                        T          F

18- We can add a very small amount of liquid after mixing to adjust the consistency of cements when the consistency is too thick

                                                                                                        T          F