Bioaccumulation of lead nitrate in tissues and its effects on hematological and biochemical parameters of Clarias gariepinus
Abdel-Warith, Abdel-Wahab A. . 2020
Clarias gariepinus, weighing 119.18 ± 5.21 g, were exposed to 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of the LC50 lead
nitrate, Pb(NO3)2, which represents the following treatments 0 (control), 16, 32, and 48 mg/l, respectively,
for a period of 10 and 20 days. The results showed that the bioaccumulation of Pb(NO3)2 in gills were
significantly increased (p < 0.05) after 10 days having 0.17 ± 0.07, 5.05 ± 1.04, 6.01 ± 0.82, and
9.61 ± 1.76 mg/100 g wet weight, respectively, for the treatments. However, after 20 days these values
increased ((0.17 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 1.27, 10.83 ± 0.97, and 19.18 ± 2.40 mg/100 g) for 0%, 20%, 40%, and
60% of LC50 Pb(NO3)2 respectively. There was an increase with each increasing concentration level of
Pb(NO3)2 as compared with that of the control group. The accumulation of Pb(NO3)2 in the liver, showed
a significant increase (p < 0.05) with the increasing period of exposed and Pb concentration with LC50 values
ranging between 3.32 ± 0.91 and 4.42 ± 0.78 after 10 days as compared with that of the control group
0.08 ± 0.02 mg/100 g wet weight. Although white muscles and skin displayed lower values of bioaccumulation
than gills and liver after 10 days, after 20 days the results were slightly more increased in the white
muscles than in the skin. However, the observed pattern of increase was the same compared to that of the
control group. Therefore, hematological parameters, such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and
hematocrit (Hct) showed significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent decreases in fish exposed to Pb
(NO3)2 during both periods. However, the values of white blood cells (WBCs) showed a significant reduction
when levels of Pb concentration increased. Hepatic enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase
(AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) displayed a significant increase with increasing concentrations
and exposure time.
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) weighing 51.66 ± 2.42 g were exposed to 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of LC50 to either lead nitrate (Pb(NO3 )2 ) or copper sulfate (CuSO4 ) for 30 days.
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