نوره عبدالله محمد البكيري

The placenta serves as the interface between the maternal and fetal circulations and regulates the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.

This chapter provides an overview of cell culture models that may be used to predict drug transport across relevant biological barriers.

Background: Fetal arrhythmias can lead to fetal congestive heart failure and hydrops fetalis. Digoxin (the first-line treatment) has low transplacental permeability and high risk of maternal side…