(PHC 427 (Pharmaceutical Instrumental Analysis

Course Description:

The course is designed to give pharmacy schools an overview of the various modern instrumental analytical techniques used in the pharmaceutical research and industry. Basic principles, components, and operation of each technique will be presented in an integrative lecture and laboratory sessions.

وصف المقرر:
يختص هذا المقرر بالتحليل الآلي للمركبات الصيدلية. يشمل المقرر الطرق المختلفة للتحليل الآلي. يقدم المقرر بشكل تكاملي بين الدروس النظرية و المعملية التطبيقية لدراسة كل طريقة من طرق التحليل من حيث المفاهيم الأساسية للتحليل والتعريف بمكونات جهاز التحليل ووظيفة كل مكون, وطريقة العمل على جهاز التحليل و استخداماته في المجالات المختلفة من التحليل الصيدلي. 
 (توزيع المنهج) LECTURES’ OUTLINE
 

Week	Lecture number	Date	Topic
1	1		Atomic absorption and emission spectrophotometry Principles of atomic absorption spectrophotometry
2		Factors affecting atomic absorption
3		Instrumentation of atomic absorption spectrophotometry
2	4		Applications of atomic absorption spectrophotometry
5		Principles of atomic emission spectrophotometry
6		Instrumentation of atomic emission spectrophotometry.
3	7		Applications of atomic emission spectrophotometry
8		Optical methods Polarization of light, theory and instrumentation of polarimetric analysis.
9		Applications of polarimetry in pharmaceutical analysis
4	10		Theory and instrumentation of refractometric analysis.
11		Applications of refractometry
12		Molecular emission spectrophotometry Theory of light emission
5	13		Fluorescence and phosphorescence
14		Chemical structure and fluorescence
15		Instrumentation of fluorometry
6	16		Applications of fluorometry in direct analysis of fluorescent compounds
17		Applications of fluorimetry in non-fluorescent compounds after their derivatization
18		Immunoanalytical methods Principles of immunoassay
7	19		Immunoanalytical reagents
20		Separation matrices in immuoassays
21		Designs, formats, and types of immunoassays
8	22		Detection systems used in immunoassays
23		Instrumentation of immunoassay.
24		Specific features of quantitative analysis by immunoasay.
9	25		Applications of immunoassays, competitive assay
26		Applications of immunoassays, non-competitive assay
27		High performance liquid chromatography  (HPLC):   Instrumentation of HPLC

    

Week	Lecture number	Date	Topic
10	28		Choice of detectors for different groups of drugs
29		Choice of optimum systems for selected groups of drugs
30		Detection of degradation products and exipients
11	31		Chiral separation of pharmaceutical compounds
32		Separation and quantification of mixtures in dosage forms
33		External and internal standard method for quantitative analysis by HPLC
12	34		Stability-indicating Methods of assay
35		Gas Chromatographic The thermodynamic of gas chromatography.
36		The dynamics of gas chromatography.
13	37		Instrumentation of gas chromatography.
38		Application of gas chromatography
39		Capillary electrophoresis Principles and instrumentation of capillary electrophoresis
14	40		Choice of optimum conditions for electrophoretic resolution.
41		Modes of electrophoretic separation of compounds.
42		Applications of capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical analysis

 

Text books:

 1.Analytical Chemistry. Gary D. Christian. John Wiley & Sons, New York

           2.  Pharmaceutical analysis: a textbook for pharmacy students and pharmaceutical chemists. D. G. Watson. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh

Common questions:

Exam 1 (OUT of 10)

Q1: Ethanol and methanol are separated in a capillary column with retention times of  370 and 385 s, respectively, and base widths (Wb) of 16.0 and 17.0 s. An un-retained air peak occurs at 10 s. From these information, calculate:
                                                                                                                                                    ( each worth 1 point)

1. The separation factor (selectivity)? α= (380-10)/(370-10)= 1.04

 

2. The retention factor of each compound?          k1= (370-10)/10=36
         k2= (385-10)/10= 38.5

3. resolution?  Rs= 2(380-370)/(17+16)= 0.91

Q2: Choose the correct question:                                                                                         ( each worth 1 point)                                         

1-	In isocratic elution the composition is : Constant.  Changed continuously over a period of time. Changed after predetermined period of time. All of the above. None of the above. The Answer is (A)

 

2-	In comparison with HPLC system, UHPLC has_______ pressure pump and ________ particle size Lower, smaller Lower, larger Higher, smaller Higher, larger The Answer is (C)

 

3-	Sonication is an approach that can act as a             for solvents used in HPLC systems.  Degasser  Filtration system Non-polar column None of the above  The Answer is (A)

 

4-	For solvent degassing, argon is not a good substitute of helium because it is            :   Expensive Soluble in most liquid Cheap Not soluble in most liquid The answer is (B)

Q3: The fundamental resolution equation indicates that resolution is affected by three important parameters, name these parameters:                                                                                                               (each worth 1 point)

1- Efficiency
2- Retention factor
3- Selectivity