Geochemistry and stable isotopes of the upper Campanian– lower Maastrichtian phosphorite‐bearing sequence, Central Jordan: Implications for their age, origin, and diagenesis
Three major lithofacies have been described in Lajjun area, central Jordan, including
the phosphorite and intercalated limestone of the Al‐Hisa Phosphorite Formation,
as well as the Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation. 87Sr/86Sr isotopic data indicate a late
Campanian age for the Al‐Hisa Phosphorite Formation, whereas the overlying chalk
of the Muwaqqar Formation contains the lowest Maastrichtian planktic foraminiferal
zone of Rugoglobigerina hexacamerata (CF8b).
The phosphorites are of reworked origin as inferred from the homogeneous texture
with lack of any concentric structure in the phosphatic pellets and the presence of
bone fragments inside the phosphatic pellets, which are filled with phosphatic mud
similar to the matrix of phosphatic pellet. They still reflect the original seawater
rare‐earth pattern, as indicated from the similarity in their rare‐earth element (REE)
concentration and patterns with seawater. Positive correlations between P2O5 and
Fe2O3, TiO2 and K2O, relatively high rare‐earth contents, and similarity in (Nd/Yb)
SN ratio to the modern shallow seawater suggest a continental marginal depositional
environment for the limestone and chalk facies. δ13C values are lower and more
variable compared with the estimated global range of upper Campanian–lower
Maastrichtian δ13C values in shelf and oceanic basins. This indicates a diagenetic
effect on the δ13C isotopes and suggests that a significant proportion of carbonate
ions could have been resulted from the organic carbon oxidation. Three third‐order
depositional sequences matching with the global and regional sea‐level patterns are
identified in the studied section based on vertical facies changes. The basal transgressive
surface of each sequence is constantly characterized by a phosphatic horizon.
This study comprehensively evaluates heavy metal (HM) contamination and associated
health risks in 31 groundwater samples from Wadi Al-Hamd, northwest Saudi Arabia. Cd,
Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Cu,…
The present study is among the first to
assess the health and environmental risks of heavy metals
(HMs) in the soil of palm farms in the Al-Jilah area,
west of Riyadh. This was achieved…
Heavy metal contamination in soil is a global issue threatening human health and
ecosystems. Accurate spatial maps of heavy metals (HMs) are vital to mitigating the adverse
effects on the…