451 حدق علم المناعه Immunology

How multicellular organisms have evolved defense mechanisms that are foreign to the body – Molecules and cells involved in normal immune defense mechanisms – Organs of immune systems and differences between innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cellular immunity structure/function relationships in antibodies classes antibody synthesis and the genetic mechanisms for antibody diversity, Molecular basis of T-cell activation, role of cytokines in adaptive immunity and inflammation. Structure /function of B-cell and T-cell receptors and MHC-I and II. Immunological methods for production and application of antibody molecules as tools for research diagnosis and treatment. Basis of acquired immune deficiency , hypersensitivity reaction ,tolerance and autoimmunity