145Chem Organic Chemistry
Syllabus: (145 Chem. Health Science, 2 Cr (2+0))
Chap 1: Hydrocarbons compounds (Structure and bonding)
Chemical Bonds (ionic, Covalent), Atomic and Molecular orbital, Hybridization, Polarity and Inductive effect.
Chap 2: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkyl groups, IUPAC nomenclature, Isomerism (structural and geometrical), physical properties, sources, synthesis, reactions (Combustion, Halogenations and ring opening).
Chap 3: Alkenes and Alkynes
IUPAC nomenclature, physical properties , Isomerism geometrical, synthesis (dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, dehydration of alcohols], Reaction [Reduction, halogenations, hydrogenation, addition of HCN, HX Markonikov rule, Carbonium ions and their stability, Hydration, halohydrin formation, oxidation, epoxidation, ozonololysis].
Chap 4: Aromatic compounds
Aromatic character, Huckel rule, Nomenclature, Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions (Alkylation, halogenations, alcylations, nitration, sulphonation) and side chain (halogenations of alkyl side chain, oxidation), Orientation in monosubstituted benzenes derivatives.
1st Midterm Exam (Thursday, 12.05.1435 H, from 7 to 8.30 PM).
Chap 5: Alkyl halides
IUPAC nomenclature, Classification, physical properties, synthesis (alcohol with SOCl2, PX3, PX5, halogenations of alkanes, addition of HX to alkenes and alkynes) Reactions (Grignard reagent, Nucleophilic substitution (CN-, OH-, NH3....))
Chap 6: Alcohol and Phenol
Classification, IUPAC nomenclature, physical properties, Hydrogen bondings, Acidity, synthesis of alcohols (Grignard reagent with aldehyde and ketone, reduction of aldehyde, ketones , acids and esters). Synthesis of phenols (hydrolysis of diazonium salt, alkalin fusion, of sodium benzene sulfonates), reaction of alcohols (salt formation, oxidation, ester formation), reaction of phenol (salt formation, oxidation, ester formation).
Chap 7: Ethers and Epoxides
Classification, IUPAC nomenclature, physical properties, Synthesis of ether ( dehydration of alcohols , William synthesis of epoxide, synthesis from alkenes and halohydrin) reaction of ethers (with HI, reaction of epoxide with H2O, ROH, HX, LiAlH4, phenol, Grignard reagent).
Chap 8 : Aldehyde and ketones
Nomenclature (IUPAC), physical properties, synthesis (oxidation of alcohols, Rosenmod`s reductions), reaction (addition of Grignard reagent alkynide ions, and HCN, addition of alcohol (hemiacetal, acetal, hemiketal, and ketal formation, Hydrazones and oximes.
Chap 9: Amines
Classification, IUPAC nomenclature, physical properties, Synthesis (Reduction of amide and nitro compounds), Reactions (Basicity formation of diazonium salts).
Chap 10: phenols:
Hydrogen bonding, acidity, synthesis (from sulphone salt and diazonium salts). Formation of esters.
2nd Midterm Exam (Thursday, 02.07.1435 H, from 7 to 8.30 PM).
Chap 11: Carboxylic acids and it's derivatives
Nomenclature (IUPAC), physical properties, synthesis (Alkyl and aryl Nitrile hydrolysis, reaction with CO2), reactions (Acidity, salt formation, formation of acid derivatives: acid chloride, acid anhydride, amide, ester. Haloform reduction, Hydrolysis of acid derivatives).
Text book:
1) Organic Chemistry, A short Course by Harold Hart, David J. Hart and Leslie E. Graine.
2) Elements of organic chemistry by Isaak Zimmerman and Henry Zimmerman, 2nd edition.