King Saud University 

COLT

Translation in Education / First Exam

                Name:-.......................................      ID:- ......................          Section:-.....................

Translate the following into Arabic.

In psychology and other social and behavioral sciences, aggression refers to behavior that is intended to cause harm or pain. Aggression can be either physical or verbal. Behavior that accidentally causes harm or pain is not aggression. Property damage and other destructive behavior may also fall under the definition of aggression.

Why are people motivated to hurt each other? After two centuries of theories and technological advances, psychologists and other scientists have been able to look deeply into aggression's biological and evolutionary roots, as well as its consequences in society.

Four Steps You Can Take Right Now to Reduce Aggression in Your Child             

1. Turn Off The Television and the Video Games                                             

Television and video violence promotes aggression in children in 3 ways. First by showing children that violence is a way to resolve conflicts. Second by making children less sensitive to violence. Third by encouraging a belief that the world is “mean and scary”.

Stop using the T.V. and video games as a way to “entertain” or even “baby sit” your children. Get them active in reading, art, music and good old fashioned conversation about the world around them.

2. Stop Modeling Aggressive Behavior

When you attempt to stop a child from being aggressive by overpowering them, by taking a position of authority, or by intimidation, you are using a form of aggression as a way to stop aggression. You teach the very behavior that you are attempting to eliminate. Let go of the “do as I say” attitude. Find alternatives to yelling, taking an aggressive attitude, and spanking.

Remember that 90% of all aggressive acts are a child’s attempt to have a need met. The aggression is the instrument being used to meet a need. Examine the situation closely in an attempt to discover the desired need. Explore with your child alternate ways they can get what they want. Use words that help your child make a different choice next time.

 3. Stop Teaching Aggressive Behavior

Aggression can be taught. Research indicates that 75% of aggressive acts by children ages 6 to 16 were done to obey parents. The children were following the directions of parents who were saying, “Stand-up for yourself,” “Hit them back,” “Prove you’re a man.” With these words parents are teaching their children to use aggression to stop aggression.

4. Stop Reinforcing Aggressive Behavior

Aggression is a sure way to get attention. The person who commits the aggressive act ends up receiving a considerable amount of attention. Most of the time we go straight to the aggressor, “Cut that out,” “You know the rules,” “Get over here,” “I told you to stop that.” We chase after the perpetrator and leave the victim. The victim is often attended to after the aggressor has been corrected or disciplined. By going to the victim first you show the children where your value is. You are letting the aggressor know that the value is on healing not on attacking.