The lecture plans and recommended texts which follow are for the tutored modules for the second semester of the 2007/2008 (1428/29H) session.
Lecture Plan for Visual Science II (OPTO 272)
Lecture 1: Introduction to the course and topics to be covered. Definition/description of terms such as light sense, luminance and luminosity.
Lecture 2: Review of retinal organization and function.
Lecture 3: Photochemical aspects of vision
Lecture 4: Discussion of light sense, color sense, form sense, absolute threshold, Just Noticeable Difference (JND) and Liminal Brightness
Intensity (LBI)
1st Mid-term: First mid-term examination covering the topics in the four lectures above. Subsequent to the exam, there will be a student-directed
review of specific areas in the previous four lectures.
Lecture 5: Frequency of seeing curve, spatial phenomena (simultaneous contrast / ganglion cell receptive fields) and the laws that govern these
phenomena.
Lecture 6: Flicker, critical fusion frequency, Granit-Harper, Talbot-Plateau and Ferry-Porter laws will be discussed in this lecture.
Lecture 7: First part of the ERG (Electroretinogram) covering the theory of how the ERG is generated and its clinical applications. Two hour
practical session introducing the student to measurement of the ERG.
Lecture 8: Final lecture covering the ERG dealing with different types of ERGs (flash, pattern, sweep etc.) ISCEV norms and procedures and
clinical interpretation of ERG results. Second two hour practical session on the use of the ERG.
2nd Mid-term: Second mid-term examination covering the topics in the four lectures above. Subsequent to the exam, there will be a student-directed
review of specific areas in the previous four lectures.
Lecture 9: The visual evoked potential. Theory and measurement of the VEP. Clinical applications of the VEP and clinical interpretation of VEP
results. Two hour session on the acquisition, recording and interpretation of VEP results.
Lectures 10 & 11: Review of lectures 1 through 9. Student-directed reviews of specific topics. More practical sessions on the ERG and VEP.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS FOR OPTO 272
1) Visual Perception by Cornsweet.
2) Physiology of the Eye by Hugh Davson.
Lecture Plan for clinical methods III (OPTO 363)
Lecture 1: Introduction to the course and topics to be covered. Monocular subjective refraction from scratch or with the retinoscope finding or autoref. findings as the starting point.
Lectures 2 & 3: Full practice sessions of monocular subjective and JCC.
Lecture 4: Theory and practice for the determinations of accommodative and vergence amplitudes.
1st Mid-term: First mid-term examination covering the topics in the four lectures above. Subsequent to the exam, there will be a student-directed
review of specific areas in the previous four lectures.
Lecture 5: Theory and practice of determination of phoria and vergences.
Lecture 6: Theory and practice of determination of fixation disparity.
Lecture 7: First part (theory and practice) of determination of near add (using the best sphere method, bichrome method and calculation
method based on the amplitudes of accommodation and habitual near work distance of the patient).
Lecture 8: Second part (theory and practice) of determination of near add (using the cross cylinder method, NRA/PRA method and
determination of the final add).
2nd Mid-term: Second mid-term examination covering the topics in the four lectures above. Subsequent to the exam, there will be a student-directed
review of specific areas in the previous four lectures.
Lecture 9: Review of lectures 1 through 8. Student-directed reviews of specific topics. More practical sessions on selected topics.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS FOR OPTO 363
1) Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos and J.D. Bartlett.
2) Primary Care of Optometry, 3rd Edition, by T .Grosvenor
3) Optometric Examination. A Clinical Manual, 4th Edition, by W.S. Long.
Lecture Plan for clinical methods IV (OPTO 364)
Lecture 1: Introduction to the course and topics to be covered. Binocular subjective refraction from scratch or with the retinoscopic or autoref.
findings as the starting point. The student should be made aware of the differences between monocular subjective and binocular
subjective techniques
Lectures 2: Full practice session of binocular subjective refraction.
Lecture 3: Theory and practice for cycloplegic refraction.
Lecture 4: Full practice session for cycloplegic refraction.
1st Mid-term: First mid-term examination covering the topics in the two lectures above. Subsequent to the exam, there will be a student-directed review of specific areas in the previous four lectures.
Lecture 5: Theory and practice of tonometry – Goldmann, Schiotz, minimum-contact and non-contact tonometry will be covered.
Lecture 6: Full practice session of tonometry techniques.
Lecture 7: Theory and practice of indirect ophthalmoscopy. Students should perform both monocular direct and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and compare both views.
Lecture 8: Full practice session of binocular indirect (and monocular direct) ophthalmoscopy.
2nd Mid-term: Second mid-term examination covering the topics in the two lectures above. Subsequent to the exam, there will be a student-directed review of specific areas in the previous four lectures.
Lecture 9: Theory and practice of slit-lamp biomicroscopy (direct and indirect) of the posterior segment.
Lecture 10: Full practice session of slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the posterior segment.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS FOR OPTO 364
1) Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos and J.D. Bartlett.
2) Primary Care of Optometry, 3rd Edition, by T .Grosvenor
3) Optometric Examination. A Clinical Manual, 4th Edition, by W.S. Long.
Lecture Plan for Orthoptics (OPTO 493)
Lecture 1: Introduction to the course and topics to be covered. Review of the concepts of binocular vision, binocular single vision, normal and anomalous retinal correspondence.
Lecture 2: Ocular motility testing, Bell’s phenomenon, muscle sequelae, Hering’s and Sherington’s laws will be discussed along with other related topics.
Lectures 3 & 4: Selected tests investigating the state of binocular function will be discussed and practiced in these lectures. Factors affecting the use and the outcome of these tests will also be discussed. Test that will be covered include the Bagolini lens test, the synoptophore, four prism diopter test, prism adaptation test, Hirschberg test, Bruckner test, after-image test and visuscopy.
1st Mid-term: First mid-term examination covering the topics in the four lectures above. Subsequent to the exam, there will be a student-directed review of specific areas in the previous four lectures.
Lecture 5: Suppression, its characteristics, investigation and management will be discussed in this lecture.
Lecture 6: The investigation and management of heterophorias and heterotropias will be discussed in this lecture. The bulk of this lecture will deal with the management of the various forms of heterotropias (mostly esotropias).
Lecture 7: The management of microtropias, amblyopia and aphakia will be covered in this lecture.
Lecture 8: The management of incomitant strabismus, A & V patterns and accommodative/vergence disorders will be covered in this lecture.
2nd Mid-term: Second mid-term examination covering the topics in the four lectures above. Subsequent to the exam, there will be a student-directed review of specific areas in the previous four lectures.
Lecture 9: The management ptosis and pupil disorders, neurogenic and mechanical disorders will be covered in lecture 9.
Lecture 10: The management of myogenic disorders, nystagmus, internuclear and supranuclear disorders will be discussed in this the last lecture for this course.
Lecture 11: Class discussion and student-directed review of selected topics from lecture1 through lecture 10.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS FOR 493
1) Clinical Orthoptics by Fiona Rowe
2) Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Motility Disorders
by Joyce Mein and Brian Harcourt
3) Binocular Anomalies: Diagnosis and Vision Therapy
by John R. Griffin and J. David Grisham