Course Syllabus
1. Course Number: PHCL 461
1.1 Course Title: Pharmacokinetics
2. Course Instructors:
Prof. Khalil I. Al-Khamis
Prof. Hisham S. Abou-Auda
2.1 Course Coordinator: Prof. Hisham S. Abou-Auda
2.2 Course Teaching assistant: Abdullah Al-Sultan
3. Topics covered
1. Introduction
- Mathematical Review.
- Complexity of the biological system
- The need for compartmental models
- The concept of compartments
2. One-Compartment Model
a) Intravenous Injection
- Drug levels in plasma and biological
- half-life.
- Apparent volume of distribution
- Determination and applications.
- Area under the curve.
- Determination and applications.
- Urinary excretion data.
- Drug clearance. Determination and applications.
- Metabolites in plasma and urine
b) Intravenous Infusion
- Drug levels in plasma during infusion, steady state, (at anytime after stopping infusion) applications.
- Relationship of elimination rate constant, half-life, drug clearance plasma level before and after steady-state levels.
- Simultaneous rapid intravenous injection and infusion.
c) Extravascular Drug Administration
- Drug level post extravascular administration from plasma data.
- Area under the curve
- Using urinary excretion data.
3. Two-Compartment Model
a) Intravenous injection
- Drug levels in plasma and biological half-life.
- Apparent volume of distribution.
- Determination and applications.
- Drug levels in tissue compartment
- Area under the curve. Determination and applications.
- Urinary excretion data
- Drug clearance. Determination and applications
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b) Intravenous infusion:
- Drug levels in plasma during infusion, steady state, (at anytime after stopping infusion) applications.
- Relationship of elimination rate constant, half-life, drug clearance plasma level before and after steady-state levels.
- Simultaneous rapid intravenous injection and infusion.
4. Application of Pharmacokinetic in Bioavailability:
- Calculate the absorbed fraction.
- Calculate relative and absolute bioavailability
- Bioequivalence
- Using urinary excreted data
5. Multiple Dose Therapy
- Calculate Cmax, Cmin and Cav.
- How to design therapy regimen.
6. Dosage Adjustment in Renal Disorder
- Calculate creatinine clearance
- Methods of dosage adjustment
7. Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics
- Saturated enzymatic elimination process
- Michaelis-Mentin equation
- Determination of Km, Vmax
4. Resources used
Official Books approved by the department"
1. Hisham Abou-Auda. Pharmacokinetics. (ISBN: 9960-41-335-7)
2. Hisham Abou-Auda. Pharmacokinetics: Problems and Solutions. (ISBN: 9960-41-336-7).
3. Shargel and Yu. Pharmacokinetics.
5. Learning Objectives
Upon the completion of the course students will be able to:
1. Understand the basic pharmacokinetic principles and compartmental analysis.
2. Utilize these principles to determine certain pharmacokinetic parameters after various route of administration.
3. Interpret the changes in drug level in the body with time which lead to the impairment in its effect.
6. Study questions
1. Numerical Problems similar to those in the second book
2. True and False questions. An example of these questions is as follows:
Drug “A” gives rise to twice the area under the curve as compared with that produced by drug “B” when both are given orally in equal doses. This implies that .
3. Multiple choice questions (MCQ) such as:
Which of the following dosage adjustments will increase the steady-state concentration?
a. Increasing the dose but keeping the same dosing interval.
b. Keeping the same dose but decreasing the dosing interval.
c. Keeping the same dose but increasing the dosing interval.
d. a and b
7. Assignment to be given:
Assorted pharmacokinetic Problems. (See below)
8. Evaluation strategies
The students evaluated according to the following scheme:
1. Weekly Quizzes during tutorial sessions. 15 Points
2. First Midterm Exam 20 Points
3. Second Midterm Exam 20 Points
4. Participation 5 Points
5. Final Exam 40 Points
Total: 100 Points
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