Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles
The widespread use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles worldwide exposes humans
to their adverse effects, so it is important to understand their biological effects and any associated risks. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and
apoptosis caused by ZnO nanoparticles in human skin melanoma (A375) cells. MTT [3-(4,5-
dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] and lactate dehydrogenase-based cell
viability assays showed a significant decrease in cell viability after exposure to ZnO nanoparticles, and phase contrast images revealed that cells treated with these nanoparticles had a lower
density and a rounded morphology. ZnO nanoparticles were also found to induce oxidative
stress, evidenced by generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of the antioxidant,
glutathione. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by chromosomal condensation assay and
caspase-3 activation. Further, more DNA damage was observed in cells exposed to the highest
concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that ZnO nanoparticles have
genotoxic potential in A375 cells, which may be mediated via oxidative stress. Our short-term
exposure study showing induction of a genotoxic and apoptotic response to ZnO nanoparticles
needs further investigation to determine whether there may be consequences of long-term
exposure to ZnO nanoparticles.
The goal of this research is to create a novel Schiff base of chitosan polymer derivatives 1a-1j. Nanotechnology is a promising field since it avoids the usage of hazardous chemicals while also…
Objective
Zinc and its derivatives requirement increased to enhance human immunity against the different pandemics, including covid-19. Green synthesis is an emerging field of research. Zinc oxide (ZnO)…