Chemical Composition of Propolis from the Baha Region in Saudi Arabia
Kumar, Ohood Hasan Almoha mmadi, Abdulsallam Bakdash , Nael Abu Taha , Ali Abu-Rumman and Sachil . 2018
The chemical composition of organic compounds in the extractable organic matter of propolis collected from the
Baha region of Saudi Arabia was investigated. The propolis samples were extracted with methanol followed by column
chromatography and collected in fractions (15 ml), then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS). Samples were injected with and without derivatization using BSTFA simultaneously. The results showed
that a total of 61 chemical compounds were characterized and identified by analysing each of the fractions. Out of
these, 33 compounds have not been reported previously. The Baha sample contains a high amount of aromatic acids,
alcohol and phenol aldehydes. In addition to these, some other compounds (aliphatic acids, sugar derivatives, steroid
derivatives and flavone derivatives) were also present. Some of the identified compounds have shown diverse biological
activities: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Methanolic extraction of propolis followed
by column chromatography and GC-MS resulted in the separation of a high number of compounds compared with
propolis samples from different geographical regions. The new identified compounds were found related to the flora
of the Baha region. Therefore, the composition of propolis differs according to the plants found in the area in which
it is produced. This may be used in the determination of a geographical area as the source of a propolis sample.
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