Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of Vigna unguiculata L.
L., Wijaya, . 2020
Despite the prevalence of the common pharmaceutical ibuprofen (IBU) in water and
sediments worldwide, the e ects of IBU on plants are largely unknown. This study was
designed to assess the ecotoxicological e ects of emerging pharmaceutical pollutant IBU on plant
growth and development in a series of toxicity experiments using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata).
Plant growth parameters (morphological and physicochemical) were investigated under a series of IBU
concentrations (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000ppmIBU). IBU exposure reduced the shoot and root lengths,
fresh and dry weights, leaf area, and chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, mineral (K and
Mg), glutathione reductase, and soluble protein contents. Simultaneously, increases in Ca and Mn
contents, sodium translocation from roots to shoots, H2O2, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase,
catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and IBU uptake were observed. The amount of bioaccumulated
IBU varied between 7% and 8%. IBU was translocated from roots to shoots with a translocation
factor of 3–16%. The IC50 values for biomass and plant length were 1253 and 1955 ppm IBU,
respectively, which is much higher than the reported levels of IBU in the environment. This study
demonstrates that cowpea plants develop several morphological and physicochemical adaptations to
cope under ibuprofen stress; environmentally relevant concentrations of IBU are unlikely to produce
negative impacts.
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