Developmental toxicity of orally administered sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in SWR/J mice.
Almutairi, Faisal Mohamed Abou-Tarboush *, Mohamed Fathy Abdel-Samad, Mokhlid Hamed . 2011
Normal adult inbred SWR/J mice were used to investigate the teratogenic and other possible toxic effects of various dose levels of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) on fetuses. Multiple dose levels of 6.5, 13.0, 19.5, 26.0, 32.5 or 40.0 mg of sildenafil citrate/kg body weight (which correspond to the multiples of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 of human 50 mg Viagra, respectively) were orally administered into pregnant mice on days 7–9, 10–12 or 13–15 of gestation. On day 17 of pregnancy, all fetuses were removed and examined for toxic phenomena (embryo-fetal toxicity) and for external, internal and skeletal malformations. A total of 285 pregnant mice were used in the present study. None of the dams treated with sildenafil citrate at any of the oral dose levels used in the present study died during the experimental period and all dams treated with the drug failed to reveal overt signs of maternal toxicity. Moreover, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate that none of the multiple oral dose levels of the drug at any time interval used has induced any external, internal or skeletal malformations in the fetuses obtained from treated females. However, the dose level of 40 mg/kg body weight of sildenafil citrate has a growth suppressing effect on alive fetuses when it was administered at all the time intervals used in the present study.
Diarrhea is a serious health concern in livestock, affecting productivity and animal welfare. However, it remains a significant threat. Various practical therapies are being explored, such as…
Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), a nanoscale form of selenium, and sodium selenite (SS), an inorganic selenium compound, were incorporated into poultry feed to assess their effects on…
Aqueous extracts of Leea crispa used for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the supplementation of the external capping substance, were determined by UV-Visible…