Water Chemistry and Chemical Analysis of Water كيمياء المياه والتحليل الكيميائي للمياه

Water Chemistry and Chemical Analysis of Water  كيمياء المياه والتحليل الكيميائي للمياه

Instructor: Prof. Ibrahim S. Al-Mutaz,   Room 2B57,   Phone [phone]
Class Hours: 8:00 - 8:50 am   on  Sat, Mon. and Wed.
 Description of the Course:
Purpose, Structure:
(Basic concepts of water properties and chemistry needed for water and desalination processes. Basic Principles:, Major aquatic chemical processes, Analytical data required for desalination applications, Principles of disinfection, Oxidation – reduction reactions in water.) 
وصف محتويات المقرر 
المفاهيم الأساسية لخصائص المياه والكيمياء اللازمة لطرق تحلية المياه. المبادئ الأساسية:العمليات الكيميائية المائية الرئيسية، والبيانات التحليلية اللازمة لتطبيقات تحلية المياه، ومبادئالتطهير (التعقيم)، تفاعلات الأكسدة والاختزال في المياه.
Topics to be covered:   

1.  Introduction: Fundamental of Chemical Principles (6 classes)
(Aqueous solutions, properties of water, concentration and unit conversions, charge-balance). Lecture note.

2.  Chemical Equilibrium (9 classes)
(Gibbs free energy, calculation of equilibrium constant, K, calculation of equilibrium concentrations, effect of temperature on K, solubility product, Ionic strength, ion activity product saturation index, activity-concentration relationships). Lecture note. activity coeffcient.

3.   Chemical Equilibrium- pc-pH (3 classes)
(Algebraic solution to chemical equilibrium, graphical methods for solving equilibrium problems, use of software for solving chemical equilibrium). Lecture note.  

4.  Acid-Base Chemistry (18 classes)
(Introduction, equilibrium calculation (computational approach), Mass balances Equilibrium relationships, proton condition, charge balance, strong acid and strong base, weak acid and weak base). Lecture note.

5.  Principles of Disinfection (6 classes)
(content). Lecture note.

6. Redox Reactions and Processes (3 classes) 
(content). Lecture note. 

Goals:
The course provides engineering and technical basic information necessary to  chemical engineers whose work is water treatment and desalination plants. The main objectives of course are: 
1.  to familiarize students with the application of chemical engineering principles to water chemistry and water chemical analysis. 
2.  to introduce them to general and specific terms used in water chemistry field.
Computer usage: Use of Excel, Matlab as well as user-freindly softwares. 

Concentration Units: helpful definitions of common units used in reporting the salt concentration in water. press here.
Molarity, Molality and Normality.

Textbooks:

• Patrick Brezonik and William Arnold, "Water Chemistry: An Introduction to the Chemistry of Natural and Engineered Aquatic Systems", Oxford University Press,New York, 2011. press.

References: 

·  Vernon L. Snoeyink and David Jenkins, "Water Chemistry", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1980. press.
·  K.S Venkateswarlu, "Water Chemistry: Indurial and Power Station Water Treatment", New Age International Ltd., New Delhi, 1996. press.
·  Werner Stumm (Editor), "Aquatic Chemical Kinetics: Reaction Rates of Processes in Natural Waters", John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, 1990. press.
· Acid-base Chemistry of Aquatic Systems: An introduction to the chemistry of acid-base equilibria with emphasis on the carbon dioxide system in natural waters. press.
 

Software and Xcel-files:

• MINEQL+: a chemical equilibrium model capable of calculating aqueous speciation, solid phase saturation states, precipitation-dissolution, and adsorption. Software information, MINEQL_tutorial, obtain a copy. get MINEQL presentation
  solid phase saturation states, precipitation-dissolution, and adsorption
• MINTEQA2: an equilibrium speciation model that can be used to calculate the equilibrium composition of dilute aqueous solutions. The model is useful for calculating the equilibrium mass distribution among dissolved species, adsorbed species, and multiple solid phases. Obtain a copy: installation and information. 
• ChemEQL: A comprehensive computer program for the calculation of thermodynamic equilibrium concentrations of species in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Many geochemical applications. Site. Or downlaod from here: Software information, obtain a copy.
• PHREEQC: A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional ‎Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations. Software information, obtain a copy. New version 2.17.5-4799 is available since September 7, 2010 at hit here - site. or get a copy here. Program aplications examples can be found at hit here site. 

Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology: site, Read Online
Prerequisite
ChE 413: Desalination and Water Treatment
Requirements:
homework, midterm(s), paper and final exam.

A number of computer programs are available, for example:

• CHEMEQL A comprehensive computer program for the calculation of thermodynamic equilibrium concentrations of species in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Many geochemical applications.
• Geochem-EZ (freeware) a multi-purpose chemical speciation program, used in plant nutrition and in soil and environmental chemistry research to perform equilibrium speciation computations, allowing the user to estimate solution ion activities and to consider simple complexes and solid phases.
• The Geochemist's Workbench geochemical modeling package for creating activity diagrams, calculating detailed reaction paths, and coupling chemical reaction with mass and heat transport in one or two dimensions.
• HySS (freeware) which was used to produce the diagram at the right.
• JESS All types of chemical equilibria can be modelled including protonation, complex formation, redox, solubility and adsorption interactions. Includes an extensive database.
• MINEQL+ A chemical equilibrium modeling system for aqueous systems. Handles a wide range of pH, redox, solubility and sorption scenarios.
• PHREEQC USGS software designed to perform a wide variety of low-temperature aqueous geochemical calculations, including reactive transport in one dimension.
• Visual MINTEQ A Windows version of MINTEQA2 (ver 4.0). MINTEQA2 is a chemical equilibrium model for the calculation of metal speciation, solubility equilibria etc. for natural waters.
• WinSGW A Windows version of the SOLGASWATER computer program.