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Bilateral interpretation I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

King Saud University

College of Languages & Translation

Department of European Languages & Translation

English Program

 

 

COURSE PORTFOLIO

 

1st Semester 1429-1430 / FALL 2008

 

General information

Course Title

 

Bilateral Interpretation I

Course Code

TRN 329

 

Credit Hours

2

 

Faculty Member(s)

Teaching the Course

Dr. Mervat Fathy

Faculty Member Website

mfouad@ksu.edu.sa

 

Level / Year

 

6

Pre-requisites (if any)

 

None

Learning Resources

Required References

The theoretical part is explained in class while the students take notes+ the practical part is a variety of interviews to be listened to and interpreted in class

 

Recommended References

Attached to the portfolio

 

Electronic References

 

Attached to the portfolio

Evaluation

Exams (quizzes, in-terms, finals, etc)

2 in-terms  45 marks

Final exam   50 marks

Student Works

Assignment+ class participation  5 marks

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

King Saud University

College of Languages & Translation

Department of European Languages & Translation

 [English Program]

{ COURSE TITLE }

 

WEEKLY SYLLABUS

 

1st semester 1429-1430 / FALL 2008

 

Homework

Topic

Date

Week

------

Theoretical part

Oct. 18th – Oct. 22nd 

Week 1

-----

Theoretical part

Oct. 25th – Oct. 29th 

Week 2

Recording the interpretation+ memorizing the terms

Interpreting political interviews

Nov. 1st – Nov. 5th 

Week 3

Recording the interpretation + terms

Interpreting political interviews

Nov. 8th – Nov. 12th 

Week 4

Recording the interpretation+

Terms

Interpreting diplomatic interviews

Nov. 15th – Nov. 19th 

Week 5

Recording the interpretation+ terms

Interpreting diplomatic interviews

Nov. 22nd – Nov. 26th

Week 6

 

 

In-term 1

Nov. 29th – Dec. 2nd

Week 7

Revision

 

 

Dec. 3rd – Dec. 13th

Break

Recording+

Terms

Interpreting informative interviews

Dec. 14th – Dec. 17th

Week 8

 

 

 

 

Homework

Topic

Date

Week

As above

Interpreting economic interviews

Dec. 20th – Dec. 24th 

Week 9

Revision

Interpreting  economic interviews

Dec. 27th – Dec. 31st

Week 10

 

In-term-2

Jan. 3rd – Jan. 7th

Week 11

Recording+

Terms

Interpreting legal interviews

Jan. 10th – Jan. 14th

Week 12

Recording + terms

Interpreting literary interviews

Jan. 17th – Jan. 21st 

Week 13

 

Revision

Jan. 24th – Jan. 28th

Week 14

·        NOTE:- This syllabus is subject to change depending on class progress.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

 

 

The National Commission for

Academic Accreditation & Assessment

(NCAAA)

 

Women campus of king Saud University (Olaishah)

COLLEGE OF LANGUAGES & TRANSLATION

 

 

COURSE SPECIFICATION

" Course title"   Bilateral 1

 

[Course code]     TRN 329

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Semester

1429/1430

Fall 2008


 

Course Specification

Institution                                                     KING SAUD UNIVERSITY    

College/Department                          COLLEGE OF LANGUAGES & TRANSLATION

                                             DEPARTMENT OF EUROPEAN LANGUAGES & TRANSLATION

                                                                                       "ENGLISH"

A Course Identification and General Information

1.  Course title and code:      Bilateral Interpretation 1           TRN 329

2.  Credit hours   Two

3.  Program(s) in which the course is offered.

(If general elective available in many programs indicate this rather than list programs)

- BA in English Translation

- A Three-year diploma in English Translation

4.  Name of faculty member responsible for the course

Dr. Mervat F. Fouad

5.  Level/year at which this course is offered     level 6

6.  Pre-requisites for this course (if any)

None

7.  Co-requisites for this course (if any)

None

8.  Location if not on main campus

---------------

 


 

B  Objectives 

1.  Summary of the main learning outcomes for students enrolled in the course.

- Introducing students to the methodology and techniques of bilateral interpreting

- Training students to deal with the linguistic, cultural, and intellectual problems involved in this type of oral translation

2.  Briefly describe any plans for developing and improving the course that are being implemented.  (eg increased use of IT or web based reference material,  changes in content as a result of new research in the field)

- Using up-to-date interviews available on the web pages to enhance students' speed, general knowledge and recognition of new terminologies and different dialects and accents.

- Using interviews recorded from the internet, radio and TV. for interpreting in class to introduce and train students to the techniques related to bilateral interpreting.

- Encouraging students to record their own translation and bring it to class. The next step is to listen to the students' tapes to draw the attention of all students to the common mistakes to be avoided.

- Asking students to record some texts for translation and exchange their tapes. This helps students understand and interpret a variety of texts conveyed with different accents.

C.  Course Description  (Note:  General description in the form to be used for the Bulletin or Handbook should be attached)

 

1 Topics to be Covered

 

Topic

No of

Weeks

Contacthours

Introduction  to different types of oral translation (simultaneous, consecutive, bilateral, sight interpreting), their characteristics, techniques and fields

1

2

-Characteristics of interpretation and how it is different from written translation (pressed-on-time process, stressing content rather than style, minimizing the output, working under pressure)

- Skills of the interpreter (retentive and retrieval memory, audible voice, self-confidence, accents and dialects, straightforward style)

- Notes to be taken into consideration during bilateral interpreting

- Taking notes

- Symbols and abbreviations (explanation and examples)

1

2

Interpreting political interviews, all relevant issues (characteristics of political texts, difficulties of this type of texts, vocabulary, key words and sentences to be translated in political interviews, what should be jotted down and what should be committed to memory, the importance of general knowledge in interpreting political texts, interpreting citations from holy books within political texts, etc.)

2

4

Interpreting diplomatic interviews, all relevant issues

2

4

Interpreting informative interviews, all relevant issues

2

4

Interpreting economic interviews, all relevant issues

2

4

Interpreting legal interviews, all relevant issues

1

2

Interpreting literary interviews, all relevant issues

1

2

 

 

 

 

2 Course components (total contact hours per semester):                         

Lecture:

2 hrs/week along the whole semester

Tutorial: 

------------------

Practical/Fieldwork/Internship:

-----------------

 

Other:

-----------------------

 

3. Additional private study/learning hours expected for students per week. (This should be an average :for the semester not a specific requirement in each week)

Practice interpreting for thirty minutes every other day along the whole semester

 

4. Development of Learning Outcomes in Domains of Learning 

For each of the domains of learning shown below indicate:

·         A brief summary of the knowledge or skill the course is intended to develop;

·         A description of the teaching strategies to be used in the course to develop that knowledge or  skill;

·         The methods of student assessment to be used in the course to evaluate learning outcomes in the domain concerned.

a.  Knowledge 

(i)                   Description of the knowledge to be acquired

To interpret different types of interviews at moderate speed with precision

(ii)  Teaching strategies to be used to develop that knowledge

-          Taking notes like professional interpreters

-          How to acquire confidence and its effect on interpreting

-          How to organize notes, make notes eligible and neat

-          Interpreting figures and proper  names

-          Interpreting citations from holy books

-          Techniques for interpreting stereotyped constructions

-          What to do if some parts of the speech are difficult to be interpreted or misinterpreted

-          Techniques for minimizing the output

-          Taking notes in TL not SL

-          The appropriate style to be used

-          Handling the speaker's incomplete sentences

 

 

(iii)  Methods of assessment of knowledge acquired

Two in-terms

Assignment and class participation

Final exam

b.  Cognitive Skills

 

(i)  Cognitive skills to be developed

- Understanding and conveying the message

- Affecting the audience

- Interpreting stereotyped constructions

(ii)  Teaching strategies to be used to develop these cognitive skills

- Implicit meanings

- Recognizing surface and deep structures

 

- lag and tag techniques

- The speaker's tone and body language and how to reflect them

- When to use literal translation, paraphrasing, equivalence 

- Interpreting context-bound words

(iii)  Methods of assessment of students cognitive skills

Two in-terms

Assignment and class participation

Final exam

 

c. Interpersonal Skills and Responsibility

(i)  Description of the interpersonal skills and capacity to carry responsibility to be developed

- Co-interpreterm his tasks

-          - Timing

-          How to acquire self-confidence

-          Speech habits

- Pronunciation and articulation

-Techniques for saving time and effort while taking notes

(ii)  Teaching strategies to be used to develop these skills and abilities

Stammering and stuttering

- eligible, organized and neat notes

- Mastering RL an TL, having cultural background and general knowledge

- over-generalization, epenthesis, high coverage equivalents, coinage

(iii)  Methods of assessment of students interpersonal skills and capacity to carry responsibility

Two in-terms

Assignment and class participation

Final exam

d.   Communication, Information Technology and Numerical Skills

(i)  Description of the skills to be developed in this domain.

Interpreting foreign names, figures and dates

 

(ii)  Teaching strategies to be used to develop these skills

-          Rules for remembering and pronouncing unfamiliar foreign names

Taking notes of figures and dates with precision

(iii)  Methods of assessment of students numerical and communication skills

Two in-terms

Assignment and class participation

Final exam

 

e.  Psychomotor Skills (if applicable)

(i)  Description of the psychomotor skills to be developed and the level of performance required

- Handling awkward situations

- attentiveness

- Retentive and retrieval memory

 

(ii)  Teaching strategies to be used to develop these skills

-          Unfamiliar dialects and accents

-          Switching interpreters

 

(iii)  Methods of assessment of students psychomotor skills

Two in-terms

 

Assignment and class participation

Final exam

 

 

 

5. Schedule of Assessment Tasks for Students During the Semester

 

Assessment

Assessment task  (eg. essay, test, group project, examination etc.)

Week due

Proportion of Final Assessment

1

 

In-term 1

Fifth week

20

2

 

In-term2

Eighth week

25

3

 

Assignment and class participation

Every week

5

4

 

Final exam

-------

50

5

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

 

7

 

 

 

 

8

 

 

 

 

D. Student Support

 

1. Arrangements  for availability of faculty for individual student consultations and academic advice. (include amount of time faculty are available each week)

 

Six office hours/week

 

 

 

E Learning Resources

 

1. Required Text(s)

A variety of interviews carefully chosen by the teacher to explain and practice THE POINTS AT HAND

2. Essential References

Fundamentals of Interpretation by Jeremy Lowson

 

3- Recommended Books and Reference Material (Journals, Reports, etc) (Attach List)

 On Prompt Translation by Allan Schmidt

 

4-.Electronic Materials, Web Sites etc

Miscellaneous interviews from different fields to be interpreted in class

 

F. Facilities Required

 

Indicate requirements for the course including size of classrooms and laboratories (ie number of seats in classrooms and laboratories, extent of computer access etc.)

1.  Accommodation (Lecture rooms, laboratories, etc.)

Audio labs

Number of students per section not more than 40

 

2. Computing resources

………………………..

 

3. Other resources (specify --eg. If specific laboratory equipment is required, list requirements or attach list)

There are not enough audio labs so we have to use antiquated labs which can not even record the students interpretation.

 

G   Course Evaluation and Improvement Processes

 

1 Strategies for Obtaining Student Feedback on Effectiveness of Teaching

- An official survey is usually conducted by the end of the semester

- Students can discuss with the teacher any ideas or problems they have along the semester whether in class or even during the office hours

2  Other Strategies for Evaluation of Teaching by the Instructor or by the Department

- By the instructor: class participation and exams give a clear idea of the students' assimilation of the points explained. Regular evaluation shows whether or not such points need more elaboration.

3  Processes for Improvement of Teaching

At the end of the semester , the whole teaching material is revised updated on the light of the outcome achieved and the standard attained by the students.

4. Processes for Verifying Standards of Student Achievement (eg. check marking by an independent faculty member of a sample of student work, periodic exchange and remarking of a sample of assignments with a faculty member in another institution)

--------------------------------------------

5  Describe the  planning arrangements for periodically reviewing course effectiveness and planning for improvement.

- Every three weeks the students are asked by the instructor about the points and topics they need to be discussed in more details in order to master this subject

- Students are even encouraged to bring interviews which constitute a challenge to their translation skills to be translated in class. This also allows students to participate actively in the learning process, increases their enthusiasm and encourage them to pay attention in class.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

 

The National Commission for Academic Accreditation & Assessment 

 

 

 

COURSE REPORT

 

 

 

 

 

To be completed by course instructors at the end of each course and given to program coordinator.

 

If the course is taught in more than one location the course report should be prepared for each location by the course instructors responsible for the course in each location.  A combined report should be prepared by the course coordinator and the separate location reports attached.

 

Revised March 2007.
Course Report

For guidance on the completion of this template, please refer to pages 21 to 23 of  Handbook 2  Internal Quality Assurance Arrangements

 

Institution

King  Saud University

College/ Department

College of Languages and Translation / English Translation Department

 

A Course Identification and General Information

 

1.  Course title and code.

Bilateral Interpretation 1        329 TRN.

2. If course is taught in more than one section indicate the section to which this report applies

All sections

 

3. Year and semester to which this report applies.

Second Semester 1428/9

 

4  Location (if not on main campus)

----

 

B- Course Delivery

 

1  Coverage of Planned Program

Topics

Planned Contact Hours

Actual Contact Hours

Reason for Variations if there is a difference of more than 25% of the hours planned

-          Introduction to different types of oral translation, their characteristics, techniques and fields

2

2

 

-          Skills of interpreters

-          Notes to be taken into consideration during bilateral interpreting

-          Symbols and abbreviations

-          Differences between oral and written translation

2

2

 

Interpreting political interviews

4

4

 

Interpreting diplomatic interviews

4

4

 

Interpreting economic interviews

4

4

 

Interpreting legal interviews

2

-

A day off because of COLT Second Gathering. Many useful and relevant lectures were delivered during the Gathering that I wanted my students to listen to.

Interpreting literary interviews

2

2

 

Interpreting scientific interviews

2

2

 

Interpreting informative interviews

4

2

Two weeks for the in-terms were taken from the 14-week academic semester.

 

2.  Consequences of Non Coverage of Topics

 For any topics where significantly less time was spent than was intended in the course specification, or where the topic was not taught at all, comment on how significant you believe the lack of coverage is for the program objectives or for later courses in the program, and suggest possible compensating action if you believe it is needed. 

Topics (if any) not Fully Covered

Significance of Lack of Coverage

Possible Compensating   Action Elsewhere in the Program

 

Political interviews

Informative interviews

Diplomatic interviews

Students got an idea but could not get enough practice in these three fields where bilateral interpreting could be used

Students can have more practice in bilateral 2

Legal interviews

 

I found it exceptionally challenging for level six students to interpret legal interviews; taking into account that they have not studied yet legal translation and have no idea about the structure and vocabulary of such kind of texts.

They can practice interpreting such texts in Bilateral II

 

 

 

 

 

 

 3.  Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Strategies for Intended Learning Outcomes set out in the Course Specification.  (Refer to planned teaching strategies in Course Specification and description of Domains of Learning Outcomes in the National Qualifications Framework)

 

Domains

List Teaching Strategies set out in Course Specification

 

Were these

Effective?

Difficulties Experienced (if any) in Using the Strategy and Suggested Action to Deal with Those  Difficulties .

No

Yes

a. Knowledge

- Taking notes

- minimizing the output

- taking notes in RL not SL

- selecting the appropriate style

- handling incomplete sentences

 

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 

Yes

Jotting down a speech quickly and precisely in an organized way seemed a more difficult task for students than I expected. It needed individual checking and was time-consuming particularly with large classes

b. Cognitive Skills

 

 

 

-          surface and deep structure

-          lag and tag techniques

-          gestures, body language and tone

-          context-bound words

-          literal translation, equivalence

 

Yes

 

Yes

 

Yes

 

Yes

 

Yes

The lag technique was difficult for students to practice at such level. However, the students got an idea about this technique, and I hope bilateral 2 teacher can give students more practice on it. That’s why I think it is a better idea to have one teacher for bilateral 1&2.

c. Interpersonal Skills and Responsibility

 

-          Points related to notes taking

-          Stuttering and stammering

-          Vocabulary issues, over-generalization, epenthesis ,high coverage words

 

Yes

 

Yes

 

Yes

 

d. Numerical and

Communication Skills

Interpreting dates, figures and unfamiliar proper names

 

Yes

Enhancing retentive and retrieval memory regarding the translation of numbers, dates and unfamiliar proper names was not an easy thing to achieve but with intensive practice the students started to grasp the technique.

E Psychomotor Skills (if applicable)

- Handling awkward situations

- attentiveness

- difficult idiolects

- difficult texts

 

Yes

 

Yes

Yes

Yes

 

 

4.  Summarize  actions you recommend for improving teaching strategies as a result of evaluations in table 3 above.

- Teaching all courses of oral interpretation at level 8 and above

- Minimizing  the number of students in classes

- Promoting sound background in vocabulary and grammar in the courses of language skills since lexical and grammatical mistakes of the students hinder them from concentrating on the actual techniques of bilateral interpreting.      

C. Results

1 Number of students commencing the field experience: 12

 

2   Number of students completing the field experience:

 

 

3 Result Summary:

 


Passed:    No  109 F     Percent                          failed   No          Percent

 


Did not complete  No                Percent   6666

 

4 Distribution of Grades   (If percentage marks are given indicate numbers in each 5 percentile group)

 

No

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OR

%

No

%

No

A

 

 

95-100

 

70-47

 

B

 

 

90-94

 

65-69

 

C

 

 

85-89

 

60-64

 

D

 

 

80-84

 

< 60

 

F

 

 

75-79

 

 

 

Denied Entry

 

 

Denied Entry

 

In Progress

 

-

In Progress

 

Incomplete

 

-

Incomplete

 

Pass

 

Pass

 

Fail

 

Fail

 

Withdrawn

 

Withdrawn

 

5  Special factors (if any) affecting the  results

 

6.  Variations  from planned student assessment processes (if any) ( See items C 4 and 5 in the Course Specification.) 

 

a. Variations (if any) from planned assessment schedule (C5 in Course Specification)

Variation

Reason

 

-----------------

------------------------------

 

-------------------

--------------------------------

 

----------------------------------

---------------------------------

b. Variations (if any) from planned assessment processes in Domains of Learning (C4 in Course Specification)

Variation

Reason

 

-------------------------

-------------------------------------------

 

--------------------------------------

--------------------------------------

 

-------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

 

7 Verification of Standards of Achievement  (Eg. check marking of a sample of papers by others in the department.  See G4 in Course Specification)  (Where independent report is provided a copy should be attached.)

 

Method(s) of Verification

Conclusion

 

 

----------------------------

-----------------------------

--------------------------------------

 

 

------------------------------------

 

D Resources and Facilities

 

1. Difficulties in access to resources or facilities (if any)

No difficulties

 

 

2. Consequences of any difficulties experienced for student learning in the course.

 

 

----------------------------

 

E. Administrative Issues

 

 1  Organizational or administrative difficulties encountered (if any)

 No difficulties

 

 

2.  Consequences of any difficulties experienced for student learning in the course.

 

 

------------------------------

 

H  Course Evaluation

 

1  Student evaluation of the course:

  (Attach Survey Results if available)             

A List the most important criticisms and strengths

--------------------------

 

B Response of instructor or course team to this evaluation

------------------------------------

 

2.  Other Evaluation  -- What evaluations were received?

Specify and attach reports where available.  (eg. By head of department, peer observations, accreditation review, other stakeholders etc):

-------------------------------------

A List the most important  criticisms and strengths

-----------------------------------------------

 

B Response of instructor or course team to this evaluation

---------------------------------------------------

 

 

I Planning for Improvement

 

1.  Progress on actions proposed for improving the course in previous course reports:

 

Actions proposed in the most recent previous course report(s)

I taught the previous course too, so I have tried to avoid all the shortcomings and to add innovative ideas to maximize the students’ skills during this course.

- I added interpretation of scientific interviews instead of legal interviews.

- I laid more stress on the theoretical part particularly, taking notes, symbols, memorizing proper names and figures.

- Techniques of enhancing the interpreter’s memories

- Organizing the notes

- Explaining some common grammatical rules and common mistakes.

- Introducing students to easier texts which are more appropriate for level six allows to concentrate on the quality of translation unhindered by structural difficulties. So I hope the teacher of Bilateral 2 is going to take this point into consideration, meaning to give students more complicated texts which I could not give at level 6

State whether each action was undertaken, the impact, and if the proposed action was not undertaken or completed, give reasons.

 

I applied all these points and they yielded better results than last semester.

 

 

 

 

2.  Other action taken to improve the course this semester/year

Provide a brief summary of any other action taken to improve the course and the results achieved.  (For example,  professional development for faculty, modifications to the course,  new equipment, new teaching techniques etc.)

- Dividing the class into different groups according to the students’ weak points; each group works on the point at hand. This allows each student to concentrate on her own weakness without wasting the time of her classmates who might have different needs and weak points. Hence, this strategy helps overcome the problem of time and it adds vitality to the class.   

 

 

3.   Action Plan for Next Semester/Year 

Actions Required

 

Minimizing the number of students in classes to be less than thirty.

 

Completion Date

 

The beginning of next semester

Person Responsible

 

The administration

4.  Recommendations to Program Coordinator  (if Required)

It is preferable to assign one teacher for both bilateral 1&2 since she will know what are the points which are not taught in bilateral 1 to make up for them in bilateral 2

(Recommendations by the instructor to the  program coordinator if any proposed action to improve the course would  require approval  at program, department or institutional level or that might affect other courses in the program.).

-          Teaching oral interpretation courses at level 8 and above

-          Building the students’ vocabulary skills in the fields of politics, diplomacy and economics during vocabulary courses.

-          Being more  strict in evaluating students during grammar courses will help the students acquire fluency and speed in interpretation. Many of the students’ mistakes in this course are actually  grammatical and lexical. Correcting and explaining such mistakes take much of the time which should be devoted to the explanation and practice of interpretation techniques.

 

Name of Course Instructor:_Dr. Mervat Fathy Mahmoud________________________-

 

Signature:______________________Date Report  Completed:_ ___________

 

Received by Program Coordinator    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Students' evaluation and assessment

+

Exams time

 

 

 

In-term 1                  20 marks                   29, 30 November 2008

                     

        In- term 2                 25 marks                  27, 29 December 2008

 

    Class participation    5 marks                    along the whole semester

 

        Final exam               50 marks                   not decided yet

 

 

 

 

                     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MY TIMETABLE

 

Saturday:   8:10  Bilateral 1 A /  10:12 Bilateral 1 B

Sunday:      10:12 Bilateral 1  C / 12: 2 Bilateral 1 D

 Monday:    10:12 Natural Trans. B

Tuesday:     8:10 Natural Trans. A/ 12:2 Natural Trans. D

Wednesday: 8:10 Natural Trans. C

                              + 4 Project hours by agreement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Theoretical Introductory Part

 

An Outline to be explained and illustrated in class

 

 

Types of Translation

1. Written Translation                                2. Oral Translation

 

 

 

 

Different terms of oral Translation

1.                                   2.                          3.

 

The Process of Interpretation

Input                                                                             output

 

 

 

Types of Oral Translation

1.     Simultaneous

2.     Consecutive       (Bilateral)

3.     Sight

 

 

 

Techniques of each type

1. Simultaneous:  input                              output

2. Consecutive:     input                                   output     

      Bilateral:               input                                         output

       (The difference between consecutive and bilateral)

3. Sight:                      input                                          output

 

 

Fields of Each Type

Simultaneous: * Formal conferences  ex.

                         * Seminars   (meaning)  ex.

                         *  Symposia  (meaning) ex.

Consecutive:        Conferences when accuracy is accentuated ex.

Bilateral:              Informative conferences with dialogues

Sight :                   in limited meetings with written texts

 

 

 

 

Characteristics of Interpretation

(How it is different from written translation)

1. Pressed-on-time process:         reasons

2. Working under pressure: a) audience

                                             b) concentration   regardless of 1)      2)

                                             c) precise & effective

                                                                                            

3. Stressing content rather than form

4. Minimizing the output     reasons   techniques 

a) Avoiding synonyms ex.                                                                                                              b) Using one- word equivalents ex.

 

 

 

Skills of the Interpreter

1.     Retentive and retrieval memory  (essential information & subordinate ideas)

2.     Audible voice       ( low voice, loud voice, flat voice, pronunciation and articulation)

3.     Accents and dialects  *the speaker's *the interpreter's

4.     Solving problems     (co-interpreters, his tasks)

5.     Notes    (legible, neat, organized)  How?  Why?

6.     Speech habits     stuttering, stammering meaning, when they appear? how to overcome the problem?        

              Self-confidence, mastering SL&TL, practice   

7.     Anticipation without uttering the translation

8.     Encyclopaedic knowledge

 

 

Notes to be taken into consideration during bilateral interpretation

 

1.     Citations from holy books (two steps to do)

2.     Citations from stereotyped constructions (reasons for using them -three ways of interpreting them)

3.     Notes in SL or TL     (reasons)

4.     When to start taking notes?

5.     Style used in interpreting  (a major difference between written and oral translations)

6.     Dividing notes into paragraphs     Why?

 

 

Techniques used during simultaneous interpreting

 

The Lag Technique    meaning   ex.

The Tag Technique    meaning   ex.

 

 

 

The Following Points Are Dealt With During Practical Interpreting Of Texts

 

*Surface and Deep Structures

*Translation Varieties:

Literal translation                             Modified literal translation

Free translation                                 idiomatic translation

* Over-generalization

*Epenthesis

*Paraphrase

* High-coverage words

*Word coinage

*Circumlocution

*Linguistically motivated language switch

*Over-elaboration

*Change of function technique

*Implicit meaning + body language

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Symbols and Abbreviations

 

-The reasons for using these symbols and abbreviations will be explained

 

-The handouts which will be photocopied and given to the course students give ample examples of this set of abbreviations which is usually  used by professional interpreters.

 

- The papers also have at the end a sort of exercise showing how to write a whole paragraph of the speaker's speech using abbreviations and symbols.

 

- Each interpreter should develop his own set of abbreviations that include abbreviations used by professional interpreters+ common abbreviations used by everybody+ his own abbreviations of certain words.

 

- Practice is required in class and at home.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Useful References

 

*Approaches to Translation      Peter Newmark

 

*A Textbook of Translation    Peter Newmark

 

* http://www.eventservices-italy.com/simultaneaous_translation.htm

 

*http://www.bwrdd_yr_iaith.org.uk/en/advice.php?cID=96&xID=161

Web links

*Association of Welsh Traslators

*Institute of Linguists

*Institute of Translation and Interpreting

cyswlt@bwrdd-yr-iaith.org.uk

 

 

*http://www.psywww.com/mtsite/mindmaps.htm1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Texts to be interpreted bilaterally in class

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

فى لقاء للرئيس و المدير التنفيدى لطيران الخليج الدكتور أجمد بن سيف آل نهيان مع التايم

تحدث عن التطورات الحادثة بالشركة. هل تمتلك دولة الأمارات النصيب الأكبر من الشركة و مالدور الدى تلعبه فى تفعيل التقارب بين الدول المالكة؟

 

Gulf Air is one of only a handful of international carriers owned by

more than one state. It is the designated national airline of Qatar, Oman, and the UAE as well as Bahrain, where it is headquartered. It is a matter of pride that the airline has played a vital role in promoting regional and international traffic to the owner states over the last half century.

 

و ماهى خطط التحديث الجديدة بالشركة؟

 

The airline’s distinctive golden falcon tail logo symbolizes an air carrier built up since the dawn of jet travel. Gradual expansion accompanied the economic growth of the region. By 1999, Gulf air was carrying 5 million passengers a year, and now serves 53 destinations using the most accommodating modern planes. For example, Boeing 330 with its 24 video channels, interactive TV, seat-to-seat telephones, air-to-ground telephones and in-flight fax facilities, places the airline at the top end of the market.

 

ماالدى توفره طيران الخليج و يميزها عن الشركات الأخرى بالمنطقة؟

 

Gulf air has built up a strong presence on key international routes. Its fundamental strength is in its comprehensive regional network. No other airline provides more scheduled trips to most cities in the ME.

 

و ماهو الجانب الذى تركزون عليه الآن و الدى سيشكل العامل الأكبر فى نجاح استرتيجيتكم؟

 

New developments have been put to speed modernization. One area where Gulf air is likely to make a big impact in the near future is in tourism. The airline is designing a full-scale tours program to market packages through Gulf Air holidays for destinations in the ME, The Indian subcontinent, the Far East as well as Australia. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In an interview with the permanent member of Argentina at the UN, he shed light on the IMF-WB annual meeting which suggested the necessity for developing countries to follow settlement programs aiming to settle their sky-rocketing foreign debts.

 

 

 

          The IMF encourages Latin American and African least developed countries, coming at the top of the list of indebted countries to consider three proposals in order to come out of the deep financial ordeal. What are they?

أولا ضرورة تبنى الدول المدينة الرئيسية للسياسات الموجهة حسب احتياجات السوق. و تهدف لاصلاح الهيكل الاقتصادى سواء كان ذلك متعلقا بسياسات الأجور و الأسعار و أسعار الفائدة و أسعار الصرف. و ذلك بمساندة المؤسسات الكالية الدولية بغرض خفض و العجز العام و رفع معدلات النمو و بالتالى اعادة التوازن الاقتصادى لتلك الدول.

 

 

          Many arguments and doubts arose about the effectiveness of the IMF.

على العكس، فصندوق النقد الدولى له دوره الهام فى عملية التمويل من جهة و زيادة القروض المقدمة من قبل بنوك التنمية متعددة الأطراف لتشجيع القطاع الخاص من جهة أخرى. كذلك فان أنشاء الوكالة الدولية للاستثمار و التى تمت الموافقة على انشائها سيكون لها دور كبير فى هذا الصدد.

 

 

          What have you called for recently and caused the developed countries to give Argentina a stern look?

لقد طالبنا بضرورة زيادة صافى الأقراض المقدم للدول المدينة الكبرى من خلال البنوك التجارية الدولية و اعادة جدولة الديون.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Last week Donald Whitehead from the Newsweek interviewed the Supreme Allied Commander of NATO General Welsey Clark about America-North Korea recent deteriorated relations.

 

مالذى تراه من دعاية كوريا الشمالية المضادة لواشنطن؟

 

North Korea's recent propaganda posters are a study in belligerence. One shows three towering missiles targeting Washington, Seoul and Tokyo. Another depicts a hefty ballistic missile soaring high above Japan on its way to America. The posters convey a warning from Pyongyang about its escalating dispute with Washington over a deal that froze the North's clandestine nuclear-weapons program in 2005.

 

هل هو تهديد حقيقى؟

         

By all accounts, Pyongyang has neither nuclear war-heads nor rockets to carry them over the Pacific. But its missile program, already a supplier to rogue states like Iran and Syria, is on fast track.

 

و لكن بيونج يانج تصر على انكار تقديم خبراتها للدول المعادية لأمريكا.

         

Last year, US spy satellites spotted an excavation in the north that bears the marking of a nuclear facility in the making.

 

و ماهو رد الفعل الأمريكى؟

 

          Us defence Secretary pointedly suggested that Pyongyang's rocket test fully justified Washington's promise to help Japan develop a missile defence system. Japan is taking a hardline with the north. After the August missile launch, Tokyo temporarily suspended aid to Pyongyang, stepped up cooperation with Washington on theatre missile defence system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ماهو السر فى هذا التشابه الكبير بين الفلمين؟

 

          It's long been suspected that Holywood executives share one brain –but not a terribly big one as that. This summer, two armies of ants are streaming toward theatres. On October 2, Dream Works will release "Antz". At Thanksgiving, Pixar and Disney will jointly unveil "A Bug's life". Both movies will feature computer – generated animation.

 

و ماهو معنى  ذلك؟

 

Meaning the characters will have the 3-D looks of Woody and Buzz, not the classic look of Simba and Mufasa.

 

و عماذا يدور الفلمين؟

 

The two movies will center on ants scrambling to save their colonies. Pixar sources claim Dream Works stole the idea. Dream Works denies that, but it has certainly stolen some of Pixar's thunder.

 

و هل العالم بحاجة لفلمى كرتون عن الحشرات معا؟

 

It may be hard to believe, but you will actually be able to tell the movies apart. In "Antz", oue hero is a deeply neurotic worker ant named Z (voice by Woody Allen), who wants to foil an evil plot and woo a princess ant (Sharon Stone). In "A Bugs Life", we will meet the sweetly bumbling Flik (Dave Foley), who defends his kind against marauding grasshoppers led by Hopper (Kevin Spacey)

 

هل نوعية مشاهدى الفلمين مختلفة؟

 

Dream Works considered "Antz" an adult comedy – it's clear even from the trailer that Woody Allen's sensibility sets the tone. While Pixar is going after a wider family audience. Pixar's first feature was the exhilarating, ground – breaking "Toy Story", and the same creative team is at work on  "A Bug's Life"; director John Lasseter, composer Randy Newman and Apple Computer cofounder Steve Jobs.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

كانت مقالتك الأفتتاحية فى عدد أبريل 2007 من مجلة "     " تمتلىءبالمرارة حول موضوع الاستنساخ. 

 

Before we assume that the market for human clones consists mainly of narcissists who think the world deserves more of them or neo-Nazis who dream of cloning Hitler, crackpots, and mavericks and mischief makers of all kinds, it is worth taking a tour in the marketplace; we might meet ourselves there.

معنى ذلك أنك و خلافا للأغلبية تؤيد الاستنساخ؟

          Imagine for a moment that your daughter needs a bone-marrow transplant and no one can provide a match; that your wife's early menopause has made her infertile. Would the news then really be so easy to dismiss that around the world, there are scientists in labs pressing ahead with plans to duplicate a human being? Last month, a well known infertility specialist, Panayiotis Zavos, of the University of Kentucky announced that he and Italian researcher, Severino Antinori, were forming a consortium to produce the first human clone.

 

و لكن آليات الاستنساخ معقدة بما يكفى بحيث تعد فى حد ذاتها عائق.

 

          Given what researchers have learned since Dolly, no one thinks the mechanics of cloning are very hard: take a donor egg, suck out the nucleus, and hence the DNA, and fuse it with, say, a skin cell from the human being copied. Then with the help of an electrical current, the reconstituted cell should begin growing into a genetic duplicate. "It's inevitable that some one will try and some one will succeed" predicts Delores Lamb, an infertility expert at Baylor University.

 

و ماهو رد فعل الأخلاقيين على الاستنساخ عموما؟

          "Still, cloning can not make you immortal because clearly the duplicate is a different person." Notes ethicist Arthur Caplan of the University of Pennsylvania. He add, "Cloning right now looks like it's coming to us on a magic carpet, piloted by a cult leader, sold to whoever can afford it, that makes people nervous".

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

تتطاير الكلمات الغاضبة عن مسئولية من أفسد اجتماع منظمة التجارة العالمية فى المكسيك الشهر الماضى. و يقع معظم اللوم على البرازيل التى ترأست اثنتى و عشرين دولة للمطالبة برفع العقوبات الاقتصادية عنها قبل مناقشة أى موضوعات أخرى. حول ذلك الموضوع تحدث وزير خارجية البرازيل البالغ 61 عاما و رئيس الوفد الى ذلك الأجتماع مع ماك مرجولى من النيوزويك.

Robert Zoellick recently singled out Brazil for the collapse of the World Trade Organization meeting. Were you surprised?

 

أجل أعترف بذلك. فقد قال لى خلال الأجتكاع بأن أجندة العمل الخاصة بنا جادة تماما. و لقد فشل الأجتماع بسبب أصرار الدول الغربية على مناقشة أجندة عمل سنغافورة و الخاصة بشأن تمويل التجارة و المنافسة. فى حين كنا نود التفاوض أولا لتعديل اللوائح الزراعية. و مازلنا نرغب بأكامل المناقشة فى الأجتماع القادم بجنيف. فلا أحد يستفيد من القول بأن علينا الآن العودة لبلادنا و الأكتفاء بالأتفاقيات التجارية الثنائية.

What did Brazil gain?

 

لقد استطعنا التقليل من خسائرنا. لقد كان الأقتراح المقدم من الولايات المتحدة و الاتحاد الأوربى هو نفسه الذى تم طرحه فى مباحثات الدوحة. و لقد قرر اعضاء الوفد البرازيلى أن هذه المكاسب المحدودة ليس لها قيمة. لقد أحرزنا نصرا سياسيا و حدثا تاريخياز و برغم المقاومة فقد معنا كطرف هام.

You speak of unilateralism; but isn't this exactly the outcome of the failure of the WTO meeting?

 

من الواضح أن المنظمة تعد شيئا أساسيا بالنسبة للبرازيل. فلا أحد يفوز فى حالة شن حرب تجارية، فالكل يخسر فى النهاية.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

هل لك أن تحدثنا عن التغيرات الجوهرية الحادثة الآن بالشركة؟

 

Saudi Arabian airlines is being transformed. Already a leading international carrier, it is set to become the world class airline. A modern fleet costing more than $ 6 billion is being phased in. A just adopted livery of Arabian beige, blue and gold gives the planes a distinctive, eye-catching new look. Across the whole range of operations from ticketing and check in to in-flight entertainment, catering and maintenance services are being upgraded.

و ماهو الهدف من كل ذلك؟

 

          With these changes, we hope to reinforce the airline's eminent position, further enhancing its reputation and boosting its image as the country's most visible envoy

 

 

هل تطلعنا على الأرقام و الأحصائيات التى هى خير ممثل للشركة؟

          Saudi Arabian airlines is easily the biggest carrier in the ME and Africa. It has some 25000 employees world wide and ferries over 12 million passengers to 25 domestic destinations and a further 45 internationally. The kingdom's national airline has a solid reputation for services, technical competence, safety and punctuality and is consistently ranked by the International Air Transport Association among the world's top 25.

 

فى جملة أو اثنتين ماهو الطموح الذى تسعى له الشركة؟

          Saudi Arabian airlines now has a fresh mission: to be a world class airline with a distinctive Saudi character. We must ensure that our fleet is the most modern available, keep abreast of the technological changes that are sweeping through the industry. Our main focus should be the needs of our customer.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

          Last week US Attorney General announced an unprecedented $ 1.4 billion of settlement with 10 of Wall Street's top companies. They were accused of pressuring analysts to give favourable reports on troubled companies in order to control their investing – banking business. Time's Michael Hasting spoke to New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer about where Wall Street stands today.

ماهى اهم الأصلاحات بالبنية الأقتصادية؟

 

          The most important is the complete and total rupture of analysts' reports and banking investment. And an obligation on the part of the investment houses to make up shareholders.

 

و هل واجهتم مقاومة من رجال الأعمال؟

          No. by and large, the CEOs of companies who are the clients of Wall Street think it will clean up a process that they knew needed reform. Even the leadership in Wall Street is smart enough to know that this is a long term and necessary operation for the integrity of their business.

و هل تعتقد أن التسوية قد اعادت ثقة المستثمرين؟

 

          I think that the settlement lays the foundation for the restoration of confidence, but that will be dependent upon time passing without additional scandals. Destroying confidence is a much faster process than rebuilding it.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

فاز الباحث الهندى أمارتيا سن بجائزة نوبل لعام 2005 عن دراساته فى النظم البيئية. و لقد تحدث مع مراسل النيوزويك فيبوتى باتل فى واشنطن قبل الأعلان عن فوزه.

 

What are the most striking discoveries in your recent paper?

 

من الواضح أن الأقتصاد العالمى ينمو أسرع من النظم البيولوجية. و يتضح ذلك من تغير المناخ و الأنهار الجافة و الموجات الحارة و حتى فى هذاى العدد الهائل من الحيوانات المهددة بالأنقراض. فعلى سبيل المثال فى عام 2002 لم يكن هناك أى دلائل على ارتفاع درجة حرارة الرض و لكن مع بداية عام 2003 زادت الحرارة بنسبة ملحوظة. باختصار أصبحت الأمور أسوأ مما هو متوقع.

 

What do you mean by this pessimistic assessment?

 

المجاعة. فلقد أصبحت المجاعة شبحا يهدد حياة الكثيرين فى وسط أفريقيا و أمريكا اللاتينية بل حتى فى دول آسيوية كالهند. و ليس هذا بمستغرب فالمجاعة يمكنها أن تتفشى فى دولة يتوفر فيها الغذاء و ذلك عندما يتدنى الدخل الفردى لقطاع معين من السكان.

 

But the last decade has seen economic slowdown.

 

 

معظم المستثمرون مازالوا يعملون بشكل عشوائى و غير رسمى وهذا يعنى عدم وجود أى مؤسسات تنظيمية لتنسيق البرامج. و على هذا نجد أن الفقر و الجهل مازالا منتشرين بصورة كبيرة.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplementary Material

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Samples of exams

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KSU                COLT             Bilateral Interpretation 1

Final Exam            June, 2008      Time : 2 Hours

Student’ s name:

 

Interpret the following:

                                        I

 

          The June-Newsweek has a remarkable interview with the French Minister of Agriculture Ellaine Bascall where she commented on the recent resolutions adopted early this year to ban GMO for health reasons and the public concern.

 

Considering the merits and demerits of GMO; taking these decisions were pretty tough.

ان مايفعله احصائيو الجينات باعادة ترتبهم للحامض النووى فى المحاصيل الزراعية و نقل الخصائص بين الكائنات الحية و تحويل المحاصيل العادية الى ضخمة قد تثبت مع الوقت أنها مفيدة. فهى تزيد المحصول و تقلل الأعتماد على المبيدات الكيماوية و تزيد الفوائد الصحية الا أن قانون الطبيعة المعروف "بالنتائج الغير متوقعة" يشير الى أن شكوك العديد من الناس قد تكون فى محلها.

Can you get anything from the fray going all over Europe?

بالفعل فالجدل يتصاعد الآن ليس فقط بين أمريكا و أوروبا ولكن بين المزارعين ضد بعضهم البعض و حتى بين الوزارات المختلفة داخل نفس الحكومة. ففى بريطانيا ملأ المتظاهرون عربات السوبر ماركت بالأغذية و طلبوا من المحاسبين أن يحددوا لهم أى الأطعمة معدلة وراثيا. أما لوكسمبورج فقد قامت بحظر انتاج هذه النوعية من الأغذية. و فى اليونان قام المزارعون حاملين أعلاما سوداء بالهجوم على أحدى المزارع المنتجة للطماطم المعدلة وراثيا و دمروا المزروعات تماما. و لكن بالنسبة لنا فى فرنسا فقد انتهجنا سياسة متأنية فى الموافقة على أى نوعيات جديدة من الأغذية المزروعة محليا بغرض البيع.

But are not these reactions paradoxical to what have become a daily phenomenon on our tables?

هناك سباق بين كبرى شركات التقنية الحيوية فنجدها تحاول تخليق أنواع من الحبوب ببروتين أكثر أو حبوب قهوة بدون كافيين أو بطاطس بدون نشاويات. و لكن فى نفس الوقت هناك مشروع سيتبناه الأتحاد الأوروبى لوضع ملصقات على كافة الأغذية تبين بوضوح مااذا كانت معلة وراثيا أم لا.

 

 

 

II

 

 

لقاء مع شيخ محمد حسين الحكيم المتحدث الرسمى لآية الله حسين الحكيم حيث يتحدث عن آراء والده بشأن الأنتخابات العراقية و العنف السائد و الأحتلال الأمريكى.

ماهو شعورك تجاه الوجود العسكرى الأمريكى ببلادكم؟

 

          The occupying power will stay for a certain time, but occupation cannot last for very long, especially in the 21st century. The main thing is not to impose the future on us. We demand elections, first, to establish clearly who sovereignty is handed to, and second, to give legitimacy to the future government.

 

و ماهو شكل الحكومة التى تريدونها

What’s important is that it be on the basis of population composition with the preservation of the rights of all factions and nationalities.

 

و لكن لم يتكلم أحد من المجلس الدينى الأعلى مع أى من المسئولين السياسسين.

          No, clergy with a spiritual message should not be involved   in negotiations with political leaders. But we were in continuous conversation with all the influential authorities and we were also in a constant contact with the office of Sayid al-Sistani in order to have a clear and unified position.

 

برأيكم متى يجب على الأمريكيين الخروج

As soon as possible. We will keep telling the world and the Americans that occupation is neither in the interest of the American people, nor of Iraqis.

 

 

 

 

 

 

KSU                COLT             Bilateral Interpretation 1 Exam II              June, 2008       Groups: C&D

Student’ s name:

 

Interpret the following:

                                        I

ماهو تعليق العالم هوانج عند سؤاله عن علاقة تجربته باستنساخ البشر؟

Seoul National University Woo Suk Hwang said during a press conference at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Seattle last week, “our goal is not to clone humans, but to understand the causes of diseases”.

و هل كان ذلك كافيا لاخماد الأصوات المناهضة للاستنساخ؟

Indeed, the Korean breakthrough adds fuel to the ongoing ethical debates. The discussion over marrow-cell research, whether those cells come from cloning or from conventional in-vitro fertilization, is far from over. Religious groups believe that growing marrow-cells is illegal. Consequently, human cloning is explicitly banned in many countries including Korea.

ماهى الأستراتيجية التى استخدمها علماء الجينات فى محاولة الأستنساخ الأخيرة؟

The scientists’ basic strategy was the same as in most post-Dolly cloning experiments: remove the nucleus of the egg and replace it with the nucleus of a mature cell and then stimulate it with electricity to trigger cell division.

و ماهى أهمية هذا الحدث العلمى الخارق؟

What makes the achievement even more significant is that it gives doctors a way to create cells bearing a patient’s own DNA. Tissues grown from those cells could replace diseased tissue in the patient without any risk of rejection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                      II

The Bush’s administration is pushing ahead with the next generation of antimissiles to deter the growing missile threat from North Korea. What is all this storm about?

ان تقنية تطوير صواريخ متناهية الدقة تحتاج لجهد كبير. فمعظم الميزانية ستنفق على الدفاعات الصاروخية الميدانية بما فيها الصواريخ البالستية و العابرة للقارات و كذلك الصواريخ الحاملة للرؤوس الحربية الكيمائية.

 

Why is it important now?

هذا المشروع لم يكتسب أهمية من الأهداف العسكرية التى ستصيبها الصواريخ و لكن بسبب العاصفة السياسية و الدبلوماسية التى أثارها فى شرق آسيا . فبكين تخشى من أن تمد واشنطن مظلة حرب النجوم وراء اليابان و كوريا الجنوبية لتشمل أيضا تايوان و التى تعتبرها الصين مقاطعة متمردة ستعود لها عاجلا أم آجلا.

Would you elaborate?

ان نشر صواريخ نووية بتايوان يعزز الى حد ما مخاوف الصين حيث أنه سيعوق جزيئا بكين عن المطالبة بتايوان فى الوقت الحالى كما أنه سيعوق تسوية النزاع الحدودى بين البلدين و خاصة اذا أخذنا فى الأعتبار مناقشات أعضاء الكونجرس الأمريكى حول وجوب تحييد الصواريخ الصينية. لذا فالأمر لايقتصر على ترهيب بيونج يانج و لكن على مد نفوذ أمريكا على كل شرق آسيا.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KSU                COLT             Bilateral Interpretation 1 Exam II              June, 2008      Groups: A&B

Student’s name:

 

Interpret the following:

                                        I

ماهو رأيك فى الحركة المناهضة للأستنساخ؟

Cloning has been emerging gradually over the past decade in small doses. Each advance has been astonishing enough, giving way to ethical debates and calls for restrictive laws.

و ماهى آخر التطورات فى هذا المجال الدقيق من علم الجينات؟

There have been so many breakthrough, starting even before the birth of Dolly the sheep in 1996. That’s how a report in the Journal “Science” sounded last week. Woo Suk Hwang and Dr. Shin Yong Moon, from Korea’s Seoul National University, announced that they had created more than 200 embryos by cloning mature human cells.

و ماهى أهمية هذا الحدث العلمى الخارق؟

Two things make the Korean experiment more than a shy announcement. The first is simply that their embryos did not die. That’s a very big deal; many experts were convinced that human clones would be unbelievably fragile.

هل توضح لنا؟

That could ultimately prove to bean even bigger deal. If scientists can learn to control their development, marrow cells could in theory supply replacement tissues to treat any illness involving cell damage- including heart disease, diabetes, spinal-cord injury, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

II

US administration has recently caused a havoc in East Asia about its new strategy. What is all this about?

بعد 16 عاما من خطاب ريجان الشهير عن حرب النجوم و بعد عقد من سقوط الأمبراطورية الروسية تتقدم ادارة بوش بسرعة بمشروعها بانتاج الجيل الثانى من الصواريخ البالستية. وستبلغ ميزانية الأنفاق على هذا النظام الدفاعى العسكرى 10 بلايين دولار وذلك لردع التهديد الصاروخى المتنامى من كوريا الشمالية.

Did you negotiate with the Japanese and Chinese before launching the program?

شنت بكين هجوما مريرا على واشنطن كما صرح المتحدث الرسمى للصين بأن هناك توتر غير مسبوق فى العلاقات الصينية الأمريكية مالم تلغ ادارة بوش استراتجيتها.

Why did the idea emerged on the first place?

ظهرت هذه الفكرة من جديد فى واشنطن بعد الأختبار الصاروخى لكوريا الشمالية الشهر الفائت. فقد تفاجأ محللى الأستخبارات الأمريكية بأن بيونجيانج تستطيع ضرب القوات الأمريكية عبر شرق آسيا. و يوجد أن أمريكا ستصبح قريبا فى مرمى الرؤوس الكيميائية لكوريا الشمالية.

Would you elaborate about Beijin’s overreaction.

ان مخاوف بكين تتمحور حول محاولة واشنطن لتمد استرتيجية حرب النجوم فيما وراء اليابان و كوريا الجنوبية لتشمل تايوان التى تعتبرها بكين مقاطعة متمردة ستعود لها حتما.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KSU           COLT                  Bilateral interpretation         

quiz 1                                         June 2008     group : A

Student’s name:                                         Student’s #

 Circle the best answer.

1)      The interpreter should use ………….. in his translation.

a)      the audience’s dialect

b)  the speaker’s dialect

c)  the standard form of the language

2)      Clichés are used by many speakers to ……………….. .

a)      attract attention      b) sum up ideas         c) both (a) and (b)

3)      Notes of the bilateral interpreter can be read and understood by …………. .

a)       its own writer only         b) the co-interpreter      c)any professional interpreter

4)      Minimizing the translation means ……………………. .

a)      using one-word equivalents

b)      avoiding synonyms

c)      both (a) and (b)

5) Consecutive interpretation is given few ……… after the delivery of the original.

a)  moments                       b) minutes                   c) seconds

B. Translate the following:

1) to set the tone

2) trailer

3) unbending policy

4) crackpot

5) egoist

6) underdeveloped country

7) neurosis

مستعمرة النمل

(adjective) ظالم

 

مفاعل نووى

اخصائى علم الأخلاق

 

عجز عام

سعر الفائدة

 

صافى الأقراض

يعرض مسرحية (verb)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KSU           COLT                  Bilateral interpretation           Quiz 1

June 2008                                   Group : B

Student’s name:                                         Student’s #

 Circle the best answer.

1)    Co-interpreter is needed in ………… interpretation.

a) simultaneous                  b) consecutive                c) sight

2) Minimizing the output in interpretation means …………………. .

a) using one-word equivalents              

b) using synonyms

      c) both (a) and (b)   

3) Audible voice in interpretation means ………………. .

a) the voice should be loud

b) the voice should be flat

c) the voice should carry well

4) Style in interpretation should be ………………. .

a) simple                   b) highly elevated           c) as the original

5) Consecutive interpretation is …………… simultaneous translation.

a) more accurate than        

b) less accurate than

c) equivalent in accuracy to         

A.   Translate the following:

1)    foil

2)    ground-breaking movie

     3) by all accounts

4) consortium

5) underground group

6) the least developed countries

7)    antagonist

8) predicament

سرب من الطيور

ظلم         (noun)

 

تسرب نووى

علم الأخلاق

 

تضخم

سعر الصرف

 

عجز عام

 

 

 

 

KSU           COLT                  Bilateral interpretation          Quiz 1

     June 2008                                  Group: C

Student’s name:                                         Student’s #

 

A.   Write as True or False on the line.

…………… 1) Bilateral interpretation is used in press conferences.

……………. 2) minimizing the output means using synonyms.

……………..3) Summary translation of the meaning is used in interpreting

                        quotations from holy books.

…………….. 4) The output should be highly elevated in oral translation.

…………….. 5) The interpreter’s voice should carry well and be

                          expressionless.

 

B.   Translate the following:

1)    Maraud

2)    Locust

3)    rogue states

4)    clandestine

5)    menopause

6)    developed country

7)    colony

     8) track (verb)

مهرجان السينما

 

منشأة نووية

 

نرجسى

 

نخاع العظام

 

القضاء على التضخم

 

أعادة جدولة

 

تبرير  ( noun)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KSU           COLT                  Bilateral interpretation          quiz 1

June 2008                                                              Group:D

Student’s name:                                                  Student’s #

 

A.   Write as (True) or (False) on the line.

……………… 1) There is no co-interpreter in simultaneous

                          interpretation.

……………… 2) Minimizing the output means using one-word

                           equivalents.

……………….3) sight interpretation is used in limited- audience

                             meetings.

……………….4) Style in interpretation should be simple and

                              straightforward.

……………….5) Audible voice of the interpreter means the voice should

                              be loud.

 

B. Translate the following:

1) subtitle a film

2) suspend a meeting

3) ballistic missile

4) soaring dispute

5) futile effort

6) philanthropist

7) developing country

8) scramble

خلية نحل

 

ملحن موسيقى

 

استنساخ

 

كساد

 

دولة دائنة

 

منشأة نووية

 

سن اليأس

 

 

 

 

KSU           COLT                Bilateral interpretation            Exam 2

June 2007                               Group: A&B

Student’s name:                                         Student’s #

Interpret the following:

1

          In an interview with Arthur Caplan professor of ethics at Pennsylvania University, he pointedly refers to the potential risks arising from uncontrolled cloning experiments.

يبدو أنك تتزعم الأصوات المعادية للاستنساخ. فلمادا؟

          My opinion is how much man should mess with nature. Fierce debate over issues like organ donation will seem transparent compared with questions that human cloning raises.

و لكن أليست آليات الاستنساخ هى نفسها المستخدمة فى العلم الخلاقى لأنقاد حياة آلاف من المرضى؟

          True, the very same cloning techniques are used to produce sheep and cows whose milk has vaccines. Further more, experiments are on fast track to clone human cells which could be used to grow new human hearts, livers and even nerve cells. Still our attack is launched against those geneticists who press ahead with their plans to clone humans. Unfortunately, blocking one research line may hinder the opportunities to find cures for ailments such as cancer and Parkinson’s.

و ماهى الكلمة الخيرة التى تود توجيهها للمهوسون بفكرة استنساخ البشر؟

Cloning cannot make you immortal because clearly the clone is a different person. Cloning is not a magic carpet sold to whoever can afford it. These are barbaric experiments that kill embryos for nothing but curiosity.

2

 

يتحدث جيم جرانت المدير التنفيدى لليونيسف عن مبادرة التعليم للجميع مع مجلة وورلد بيبرز

What role does private business have to play in Education for All.

ان أصحاب الشركات سيستفيدون على المدى الطويل من تعليم مجتمعاتهم لدا هناك دور رئيسى يمكن للشركة أن تلعبه فى تشجيع العاملين بها على التعليمز ومن النقاط الرئيسية التى سيتم مناقشتها فى الوؤتمر ايجاد القنوات التى يمكن بها توفير فرص التعليم فى مكان العمل و توفير الحافز لتشجيع العاملين على التعلم.

How would you present Education for All to a government official of a developing country which has not enough resources for education and regards even basic education as a luxury? 

سوف أشير الى أنه ليس بمصادفة أن الدول التى حققت أعلى معدلات نمو بالتاريخ كاليابان و كوريا و هونج كونج هى نفسها التى اهتمت بشدة مند البداية بالتعليم الأساسى. و سوف أؤكد ان التعليم و التنمية الاقتصادية يسيرات معا. كما ساقترح توحيد الجهود و اعادة تقييم الأعتمادات المالية الحالية للتعليم باعتبارها استثمار للمستقبل.

 

 

KSU           COLT                Bilateral interpretation            Exam 2

June 2007                               Group: C&D

Student’s name:                                         Student’s #

Interpret the following:

                                                          1

          In an interview in the Newsweek, General Welsey Clark the Supreme Allied Commander of NATO speaks about Clinton administration’s program known as the second generation of antimissiles.

و ماهو المقصود بهدا البرنامج الباهظ التكاليف و الدى يواجه معارضة عنيفة بالكونجرس؟

          The Clinton administration is pushing ahead with the next generation of antimissiles to defend American troops overseas. Last month, President Clinton more than doubled ballistic-missile-defense spending to $10 billion this year to confront the growing missile threat from North Korea.

السؤال هو ما اهمية دلك ادا كانت كوريا الشمالية لاتمتلك بكل المقاييس رؤوس حربية نووية؟

          The idea re-emerged in Washington after a 2002 North Korean missile test. To the surprise of U.S. intelligence analysts, the test demonstrated that Pyongyang could hit American troops across East Asia. It seemed, soon the US would be within range of North Koraen nuclear and chemical warheads.

معنى دلك أن هدف هده الأسلحة الترهيب وليس الاستخدام.

          The technology of developing superaccurate missiles needs a lot more work. Much of the budget will go for theater missile defenses. But in the end, the defensive weapons of Clinton may be remembered not for the targets they hit, but for the political storm they raised in East Asia.

                                                2

مند ان تولى الرئيس البرازيلى فرناندو كردوسو منصبه عام 2003 ظل التضخم تحت السيطرة و الآن فى السنة الثانية من فترة رئاسته التى تبلغ الأربع سنوات يجب على كردوسو أن يضمن استقرار الاقتصاد و استمرار نموه.

Brazil considers itself a US competitor in Latin America.

لا. نحن لانفكر بهده الطريقة فعلاقتنا الخارجية لاترتكز على مشاعر و انما العقل. فنحن حريصون على علاقة جيدة بالولايات المتحدة فدلك يضمن السلام و التقدم. و من غير الممكن وجود منافسة حقيقية بين البرازيل و امريكا.

You could not get the Congress approval on your plans.

لقد طالبت بعض التعديلات فى أنظمة الضمان الاجتماعى و الأدارة و الضرائب. و كان اصعب هده النقاط الثلاث الضمان الاجتماعى فقد حصلنا على تأييد 40% و لكنى على يقين أننا سنحصل فى النهاية على 70% من الأصوات.

In January, minister of economy Pedro Milan announced that the expected growth rate is 4%. Now, we are in the middle of the year, what do you see of this percentage?

 نأمل بحلول ديسمبر أن يزيد المعدل عن 4%. أن الأفضل هو عدم الأسراع و لكن ضمان معدل نمو ثابت.