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Temperature Measurement Apparatus

Manufacturer:           Armfield, United Kingdom

Type of Experiment:    

Type of instrumentation:     

Type of control hardware:  

Type of Control algorithm: 

Open Loop

Analog

Pneumatic

PID

Closed loop

Digital

Electrical

On/off

Accessory:

Thermocouple, Thermistor,  Thermometer, Electric heater, Flask, Heating pot.

Process variable:

Water temperature

Process input:

Electrical energy

Needed resources:

110 Ac power source

Emphasis: Studying the dynamic characteristics of different temperature sensors through open loop step disturbances.

Process/experiment description: Water is heated electrically in a batch pot till boiling. Heater is turned off and temperature measurements are taken frequently using different types of temperature sensors.

Remarks: (1) Sensor dynamic is fast. Proper procedure is necessary to obtain good data recording. (2) Cooling fan can also be used to study the temperature dynamic inside the tank.

Upgrade/modification: None

Two Interacting Tanks Apparatus

Manufacturer:           Armfield, United Kingdom

Type of Experiment:    

Type of instrumentation:     

Type of control hardware:  

Type of Control algorithm: 

Open Loop

 Analog

 Pneumatic

 PID    

Closed loop

 Digital

Electrical

On/off

Accessory:

Pump, Feed tanks, Head tank, flow meter, manual valves

Process variable:

Level height in tank 1

Level height in tank 2

Process input:

Inlet flow rate

Needed resources:

Continuous water supply

Water drain receptacle

Emphasis: Studying the dynamic characteristics of one tank through open loop step disturbances. Studying the dynamic characteristics of two interacting tanks in series through step disturbance.

Process/experiment description: Water is pumped up to a head tank from which water is flown down to the first tank. Water in the first tank can either flow out to drain through manual valve and/or to the next tank. Water in the second flows out to drain through manual valve.

Remarks: (1) Flow meter scale is oversized. Small step changes should be made to avoid flooding. (2) Very primitive system design.

Upgrade/modification: Installing proper scale flow meter.

Three Stirred Tanks Apparatus

Manufacturer:           Armfield, United Kingdom

Type of Experiment:    

Type of instrumentation:     

Type of control hardware:  

Type of Control algorithm: 

Open Loop

 Analog

 Pneumatic

 PID    

Closed loop

 Digital

Electrical

On/off

Accessory:

Process variable:

Salt concentration in each tank

Process input:

Feed flow, Feed salt concentration.

Needed resources:

110 Ac power source

Continuous water supply

0.1M brine solution

Emphasis: Studying the dynamic characteristics of three stirred tanks in series to a step change and/or a pulse change in the feed brine concentration.

Process/experiment description: distilled water and 0.1M solution tanks are available to feed the stirred tanks. A three-way valve is used to select the desired inlet flow. A manual valve and flow meter are used to set the desired flow rate. Outlet flow of the third tank is taken to drain. Solution concentration in each tank is measured via probe/conductivity meter system.

Remarks: (1) In case of step change, low feed flow rate must be used to avoid dry out of the feed tank. (2) Proper calibration of the conductivity probe for each tank.

Upgrade/modification: None

Gas Pressure Tank Apparatus

Manufacturer:           Armfield, United Kingdom

Type of Experiment:    

Type of instrumentation:     

Type of control hardware:  

Type of Control algorithm: 

Open Loop

 Analog

 Pneumatic

 PID    

Closed loop

 Digital

Electrical

On/off

Accessory:

Analog pressure gauge, PID controller,Pneumatic valve, Chart recorder, Manual exhaust valve

Process variable:

Air pressure and flow

Process input:

Inlet flow rate

Needed resources:

Continuous air supply

0.1M brine solution

Emphasis: Studying the open loop dynamic characteristics of pressurized tank to step change in the feed and/or outlet flow rates. Studying the closed-loop performance of a pneumatic PID controller to set point changes.

Process/experiment description: Air is fed to storage tank from which is dispensed to atmosphere through long pipe. Manual and control valves are installed on the exhaust pipe. A pneumatic controller is used to regulate the pressure in the tank.

Remarks: (1) Analog data recording is not efficient. (2) Inadequate PID closed-loop performance, for example continuous cycling can not be obtained. (3) Chart recorder is malfunctioning.

Upgrade/modification: changing the controller loop with a digital advanced one.

Level Control Tank Apparatus

Manufacturer:          Plint, United Kingdom

Type of Experiment:    

Type of instrumentation:     

Type of control hardware:  

Type of Control algorithm: 

Open Loop

 Analog

 Pneumatic

 PID    

Closed loop

 Digital

Electrical

On/off

Accessory:

Digital process indicator, digital controller, control valve, Chart recorder, Variable speed pump, Feed tank

Process variable:

Fluid Level in the tube.

Process input:

Inlet flow

Needed resources:

Continuous air supply

Water-filled drain/feed tank

Emphasis: Studying the closed-loop performance of a pneumatic PID controller to set point changes and disturbance rejection.

Process/experiment description: Water is fed at the bottom of the tube via a pump. Water flows out of the bottom of the tank to a drain tank. The outlet flow is adjusted via a manual valve.  The inlet flow is adjusted by control valve. The latter is regulated through a digital controller. A pump is used to provide smooth inlet flow.

Remarks: (1) The digital controller keypad enhances the process operation. (2) smooth and reliable operation and results.

Upgrade/modification: possible connection to PC through available communication port.

Temperature Control Apparatus

Manufacturer:          Armfield, United Kingdom

Type of Experiment:    

Type of instrumentation:     

Type of control hardware:  

Type of Control algorithm: 

Open Loop

 Analog

 Pneumatic

 PID    

Closed loop

 Digital

Electrical

On/off

Accessory:

Thermocouple, Controller, Motorized valve, Flow meters, Electrical heater

Process variable:

Tank  temperature, Process fluid temperature

Process input:

Process inlet flow rate, Hot fluid flow rate, Electrical energy.

Needed resources:

Continuous water supply

110 Ac power supply

Water drain receptacle

Emphasis: Studying the closed-loop performance of an electrical PID controller to set point changes n the process variable and/or to reject disturbances.

Process/experiment Description: A storage tank is filled with water and is heated via an electrical coil. The hot water is circulated through a plate heat exchanger (PHE) via a motorized pump. A process fluid at room temperature is heated in the PHE and disposed to drain. Manual valves are used to adjust the flow rates. The pump and the heater can be regulated via a digital controller. Two thermocouples are used to measure the temperature at four locations. 

Remarks: (1) The digital controller keypad enhances the process operation. (2) Various experiment procedures can be designed. (3) Advanced and reliable process design.

Upgrade/modification: possible connection to PC through available communication port.