Course # and Title: ChE 413

Desalination and Water Treatment         تحليـــة ومعالجة المياه 

Instructor: Prof. Ibrahim S. Al-Mutaz,   Room 2B57,   Phone (46)7-6870

Description of the Course:
(Study of the scientific, technological as well as economic aspects of desalination of seawater and brackish water with special reference to local conditions. Recovery of minerals as by-products. Solar energy utilization)

Water Treatment
Water treatment describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use. These can include use as drinking water, industrial processes, medical and many other uses. The goal of all water treatment process is to remove existing contaminants in the water, or reduce the concentration of such contaminants so the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. One such use is returning water that has been used back into the natural environment without adverse ecological impact
The processes involved in treating water for drinking purpose may be solids separation using physical processes such as settling and filtration, and chemical processes such as disinfection and coagulation. Biological processes are also employed in the treatment of wastewater and these processes. wikipedia-site 

Desalination:
The removal of dissolved salt and other minerals from water.

Keywords: Seawater,  Brackish Water, Minerals, Uranium recovery from seawater, Solar Energy, TDS, alkalinity, pH, Salinity,  Solibility, Hardness, Softening, Scale - Fouling, ... ect. Salinity and TDS. Brackish Water = مياه زعاق ....

Concentration Units: a helpful definitions of common units used in expression salt concentration. press here.

What is the difference between distillation and evaporation?  the answer

Topics to be covered through the semester

No	Topics	wks
1	Introduction (Water problem in Saudi Arabia, water characteristics, seawater chemistry: (composition, salinity, alkalinity, gases dissolved), brackish water, desalination terminology).	2
2	General Description of Water Treatment Processes	1
3	Scale Formation and Prevention(definition of scales, main scale component, factors affecting scaling, scale control methods, scale cleaning methods	2
4	Water Hardness and Chemical Processes for Hardness Removal	2
5	Desalination Processes and Methods of Classifications (Technical comparison between various processes).	1
6	Thermal Desalination Processes (Flash distillation, multiple effect distillation (MED), multistage flash distillation (MSF), vapor compression (VC), combination distillation, solar distillation).	3
7	Membrane Processes (Electrodialysis (ED), reverse osmosis (RO)).	3
8	General Engineering Considerations (Cost estimation of desalination processes, minimum energy requirements, waste brine disposal, de-carbonation and de-aeration).	1

Specific instructional goals:
1. Understanding of the water chemistry.
2. Describing various desalination process flow sheets.
3. Using material and energy balances to describe desalination processes.  

Class Notes:
Lecture Presentation will be here

Supporting Materials:
Alkalinity Relationships in Water Chemistry
Carbonate equilibria in natural waters
Calcium carbonate scale formation-assessing.
Water Hardness.
Energy Consumption and Performance for Various Desalination Processes.
Gained Output Ratio.
MEE-MSF_comparsion.

موضوعات متفرقة في تحلية ومعالجة المياه
(الثروة المائية في عهد خادم الحرمين الشريفين،   
الموارد الطبيعية المتجددة في عشرين عاما من عهد خادم الحرمين الشريفين" ، صدرت هذه السلسلة عن وزراة التلعيم العالي والجامعات السعودية بمناسبة مرور 20 عاما على تولي خادم الحرمين الشريفين الملك فهد بن عبد العزيز مقاليد الحكم 1402-1422هـ . صورة
  تطور قطاع تحلية المياه في المملكة،  تحلية المياه بالتقطير متعدد المراحل،   التصميم الأمثل لمحطات تحلية المياه العاملة بالتزاوج بين التناضح العكسي والتبخير الومضي،   نمذجة التوزيع الحراري والأملاح من محطات التحلية العامة بالتبخير الومضي متعدد المراحل،   توقعات تمديد العمر الافتراضي لمحطات تحلية المياه،   تلوث المياه المعبأة بمادة البرومات‏،   نظرة للتحلية النووية،   المشاركة في مجلة التحلية_التحلية النووية ....
 لمحه عن المياه في المملكة العربية السعودية،     ملاحظات على مقال استمطار السحب،    ........
   تقييم الحالة الإشعاعية في محطات تنقية المياه بالرياض‏، ربط مخلفات صرف المستشفيات بشبكة الصرف الصحي العامة‏، .... مياه الوهم ....

Published Work in Desalination and Water Treatment الأبحاث المنشورة 
press here for a list

Important Links
Desalination and Water Treatment Journal: site 
Desalination Journal : site
Elsevier, The International Journal on the Science and Technology of Desalting and Water Purification
International Journal of Nuclear Desalination (IJND): site
lnderscience, The IJND is a refereed journal which aims to provide a highly professional and authoritative source of information in the field of nuclear desalination technology and management

Homework Problems:
CHE413_hw1_intro
CHE413_hw2_MEE
CHE413_hw3_MSF
CHE413_hw4_VC
CHE413_hw5_ED
CHE413_hw6-RO 

Sample of Midterm Exam:
Midterm_413-282
Midterm Exam Solutions_ 2nd term 1429-1430

Sample of Final Exam:
Final_413-272
Final_413-281

Textbook:
- E.D.Howe, Fundamentals of Water Desalination, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1974.

References:
1- Some research papers and notes will be distributed to the students.
2- K.S.Spiegler(Ed),  Principles of Desalination, Academic Press, New York, 1966.